A nurse is discussing informed consent with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the information?

"A client must sign an Against Medical Advice form if he withdraws consent."

"A client can withdraw consent at any time after signing the informed consent form."

"A client who is involuntarily admitted to a mental health unit cannot withdraw consent for treatment.

"A client must provide a written refusal for a procedure for which he has already signed an informed consent."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. "A client must sign an Against Medical Advice form if he withdraws consent.": An Against Medical Advice (AMA) form is specifically used when a client chooses to leave a healthcare facility against medical advice, not when they withdraw consent for a procedure. Withdrawing consent does not require an AMA form and follows a separate legal and ethical process.

B. "A client can withdraw consent at any time after signing the informed consent form.": Clients maintain the right to autonomy throughout their care, including the right to withdraw consent at any point before or during a procedure. Signing the form does not waive their right to change their mind, and healthcare providers must respect this decision without penalizing the client.

C. "A client who is involuntarily admitted to a mental health unit cannot withdraw consent for treatment.": Even clients who are involuntarily admitted retain certain rights, including the right to refuse specific treatments unless they are legally deemed incompetent or pose an imminent threat. Involuntary admission does not mean automatic consent to all treatments.

D. "A client must provide a written refusal for a procedure for which he has already signed an informed consent.": Clients can verbally withdraw consent at any time; a written refusal is not legally required. While documentation of the client's decision is necessary for the medical record, insisting on a written refusal is not a legal prerequisite for withdrawal of consent.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Gloves: Gloves are important for contact precautions but are not sufficient protection against airborne infections like tuberculosis. Tuberculosis spreads through respiratory droplets that remain suspended in the air, requiring specialized respiratory protection.

B. Gown: A gown is generally used when there is a risk of direct contact with infectious material. While gowns are important for many isolation precautions, they do not protect against airborne transmission of tuberculosis.

C. Dosimeter badge: A dosimeter badge measures exposure to radiation, not infectious agents. It is used in environments with radiologic procedures and is unrelated to protecting against infectious diseases like tuberculosis.

D. N95 respirator: An N95 respirator is specifically designed to filter airborne particles, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It fits tightly around the face and provides the necessary protection against inhaling infectious airborne pathogens in the client’s environment.

A. Nonmaleficence B. Autonomy C. Beneficence D. Justice

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Nonmaleficence: Nonmaleficence refers to the obligation to do no harm and to avoid causing injury. While this principle is always important in healthcare, the central issue in this scenario involves respecting the client's decision-making rights rather than directly preventing harm.

B. Autonomy: Autonomy is the ethical principle that supports a client's right to make their own healthcare decisions, even if those decisions differ from the wishes of others, including family members. Respecting the 18-year-old client's choice to decline surgery honors their legal and moral right to self-determination.

C. Beneficence: Beneficence involves taking actions that promote the well-being and best interests of the client. While advocating for the surgery could be seen as promoting beneficence, the nurse’s primary ethical duty in this situation is to respect the client’s independent decision.

D. Justice: Justice is concerned with fairness and the equitable distribution of healthcare resources. Although justice is a core ethical principle, it does not directly apply to an individual’s right to refuse treatment as seen in this situation.

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A nurse is discussing informed consent with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the information?

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