A nurse is discussing the importance of following a low-sodium diet with a client who has heart failure. Which of the following food items would be appropriate for this patient to choose?

Canned tomato soup and a grilled cheese sandwich

Baked turkey breast and a spinach salad dressed with olive oil

A frozen vegetarian lasagna and a caesar salad

A sandwich with deli meat and swiss cheese

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Canned tomato soup is often high in sodium, and grilled cheese sandwiches typically contain processed cheese, which is also high in sodium.
B.   A low-sodium diet is essential for managing heart failure as it helps to reduce fluid retention and decrease the workload on the heart.
C.   Frozen lasagna, especially those with a tomato sauce, can be high in sodium. Caesar salad dressing is often made with anchovies and Parmesan cheese, both of which are high in sodium.
D.   Deli meats and processed cheese are both high in sodium and should be avoided or consumed in moderation on a low-sodium diet.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Estrogen's role in temperature regulation is not as significant as other factors in the context of aging and body temperature maintenance.
B. Increased blood pressure itself does not directly influence the ability to maintain body temperature. While hypertension can have various effects on cardiovascular health, it is not a primary factor in the regulation of body temperature in older adults.
C. Decreased muscle strength and tone are significant factors affecting temperature regulation. Muscle activity generates heat, and a decline in muscle mass and strength can impair the body’s ability to generate and maintain adequate warmth.
D. Decreased subcutaneous fat is a key factor in temperature regulation. Subcutaneous fat acts as an insulator, helping to retain body heat. As people age, they often experience a decrease in subcutaneous fat, which reduces their ability to insulate and maintain body heat effectively.

A. "It develops due to an autoimmune reaction after a recent infection." B. "The exact cause is unknown, but it's thought to involve a combination of genetics and environmental factors." C. "The cause is thought to be reactivation of a virus in cranial nerve VII." D. "It is caused by demyelination of nerves in the brain and spinal cord."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Parkinson's disease is not generally considered to be caused by an autoimmune reaction or a recent infection. Autoimmune reactions leading to neurodegeneration are more commonly associated with other conditions such as multiple sclerosis, not Parkinson's disease.
B. The exact cause of Parkinson's disease is indeed unknown, but research suggests that it results from a combination of genetic predispositions and environmental factors. Genetic mutations may contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease in some individuals, while environmental factors such as exposure to certain toxins or other external influences might also play a role. The interplay between these factors is still being studied.
C. There is no evidence to support the idea that Parkinson's disease is caused by the reactivation of a virus affecting cranial nerve VII (the facial nerve). Parkinson's disease involves the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, not specifically related to viral reactivation or isolated to cranial nerve VII.
D. Demyelination of nerves is characteristic of multiple sclerosis, not Parkinson's disease. In Parkinson's disease, the primary issue is the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain, not demyelination. This option describes a different pathological process unrelated to Parkinson's disease.

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A nurse is discussing the importance of following a low-sodium diet with a client who has heart failure. Which of the following food items would be appropriate for this patient to choose?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Explanation

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