A nurse is educating clients about breast cancer at a community health event. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the training?

Choice A rationale
Fever. This statement is incorrect. While fever can occur in clients with ITP due to infections, it is not a specific manifestation of the condition. ITP primarily affects platelet counts and bleeding tendencies.
Choice B rationale
Ecchymosis. This statement is correct. Ecchymosis, or bruising, is a hallmark manifestation of ITP due to low platelet counts and increased bleeding tendencies. Clients with ITP are prone to bruising and bleeding even with minor trauma.
Choice C rationale
Fatigue. This statement is incorrect. While fatigue can occur in clients with ITP due to anemia or chronic illness, it is not a specific manifestation of the condition. ITP primarily affects platelet counts and bleeding tendencies.
Choice D rationale
Elevated WBC. This statement is incorrect. Elevated white blood cell counts are not typically associated with ITP, which primarily affects platelet counts. An elevated WBC may indicate infection or inflammation but is not specific to ITP10111213.

Choice A rationale

Breast cancer can occur in any part of the breast, but ductal breast cancer is most common. This statement is correct because the majority of breast cancers originate in the ducts that carry milk to the nipple. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) are the most common types of breast cancer, accounting for about 80% of all cases.
Choice B rationale
Breastfeeding increases the risk of breast cancer in women over 40 years of age. This statement is incorrect. In fact, breastfeeding is known to reduce the risk of breast cancer. The longer a woman breastfeeds, the greater the protective effect. This is thought to be due to hormonal changes that occur during lactation, which may delay the return of menstrual periods and reduce a woman’s lifetime exposure to hormones like estrogen that can promote breast cancer cell growth.
Choice C rationale
Clients who have BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene changes have a decreased risk of breast cancer. This statement is incorrect. Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes significantly increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Women with these mutations have a 45-65% chance of developing breast cancer by age 70, compared to about 12% for women in the general population. These genes normally help repair DNA damage, but when they are mutated, they can lead to the development of cancer.
Choice D rationale
Clients should begin screening mammography annually by the age of 50 years old. This statement is partially correct but not entirely accurate. The American Cancer Society recommends that women with an average risk of breast cancer should start annual mammograms at age 45 and can switch to biennial screening at age 55. However, women should have the option to start screening as early as age 40 if they choose.