A nurse is explaining the pathophysiology of pneumonia to a group of nursing students. Which statement by one of the students indicates a correct understanding of the condition?
"Pneumonia increases oxygen exchange in the alveoli, leading to improved breathing."
"Pneumonia is an upper respiratory tract infection that primarily affects the bronchi."
"Pneumonia causes inflammation in the alveoli, leading to fluid accumulation and impaired gas exchange."
"Pneumonia only affects individuals who are immunocompromised."
The Correct Answer is C
A. "Pneumonia increases oxygen exchange in the alveoli, leading to improved breathing." Pneumonia impairs oxygen exchange by causing alveolar inflammation and fluid accumulation, leading to decreased oxygenation and difficulty breathing.
B. "Pneumonia is an upper respiratory tract infection that primarily affects the bronchi." Pneumonia is a lower respiratory tract infection that primarily affects the alveoli, not the upper respiratory tract or bronchi.
C. "Pneumonia causes inflammation in the alveoli, leading to fluid accumulation and impaired gas exchange." Pneumonia leads to alveolar inflammation, exudate production, and fluid accumulation, which impair gas exchange and result in hypoxia.
D. "Pneumonia only affects individuals who are immunocompromised." While immunocompromised individuals are at higher risk, pneumonia can affect anyone, including healthy individuals, especially in cases of bacterial or viral infections.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Apply an antibiotic ointment and reassess in two weeks. SCC is a form of skin cancer and requires biopsy for diagnosis. Simply applying an antibiotic and waiting could delay necessary treatment.
B. Refer the patient to a dermatologist for a biopsy. The priority action for a suspicious lesion that does not heal is to refer the patient for biopsy and further evaluation, as early detection and treatment of SCC are crucial.
C. Reassure the patient that the lesion is benign and monitor for changes. SCC can be aggressive if untreated, and assuming benignity without biopsy could result in delayed diagnosis and worsening prognosis.
D. Educate the patient on proper wound care and sun protection. While wound care and sun protection are important, the priority is obtaining a definitive diagnosis through biopsy.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Stage I. A Stage I pressure ulcer is characterized by intact skin with non-blanchable erythema. The affected area may feel warmer or firmer than surrounding skin.
B. Stage II. A Stage II pressure ulcer involves partial-thickness skin loss, often presenting as a shallow open ulcer or intact/blistered skin. Since the skin is still intact in this scenario, it is not Stage II.
C. Stage III. A Stage III pressure ulcer involves full-thickness skin loss with visible subcutaneous tissue but no exposed bone, tendon, or muscle. This does not match the description of an intact but reddened area.
D. Stage IV. A Stage IV pressure ulcer involves full-thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, tendon, or muscle. This is much more severe than the described case.
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