A nurse is explaining the pathophysiology of pneumonia to a group of nursing students. Which statement by one of the students indicates a correct understanding of the condition?

"Pneumonia increases oxygen exchange in the alveoli, leading to improved breathing."

"Pneumonia is an upper respiratory tract infection that primarily affects the bronchi."

"Pneumonia causes inflammation in the alveoli, leading to fluid accumulation and impaired gas exchange."

"Pneumonia only affects individuals who are immunocompromised."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. "Pneumonia increases oxygen exchange in the alveoli, leading to improved breathing." Pneumonia impairs oxygen exchange by causing alveolar inflammation and fluid accumulation, leading to decreased oxygenation and difficulty breathing.

B. "Pneumonia is an upper respiratory tract infection that primarily affects the bronchi." Pneumonia is a lower respiratory tract infection that primarily affects the alveoli, not the upper respiratory tract or bronchi.

C. "Pneumonia causes inflammation in the alveoli, leading to fluid accumulation and impaired gas exchange." Pneumonia leads to alveolar inflammation, exudate production, and fluid accumulation, which impair gas exchange and result in hypoxia.

D. "Pneumonia only affects individuals who are immunocompromised." While immunocompromised individuals are at higher risk, pneumonia can affect anyone, including healthy individuals, especially in cases of bacterial or viral infections.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Psoriasis. Psoriasis presents as scaly, erythematous plaques with silvery-white scales, typically on the extensor surfaces of the body, rather than a unilateral vesicular rash.

B. Herpes Zoster (Shingles). Herpes zoster (shingles) is caused by reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus. It presents as a painful, unilateral vesicular rash along a dermatome, often accompanied by burning or stabbing pain.

C. Eczema. Eczema (atopic dermatitis) presents as dry, itchy, inflamed skin, usually in a chronic and relapsing pattern, rather than a vesicular rash following a dermatome.

D. Contact Dermatitis. Contact dermatitis presents as erythematous, pruritic, and sometimes vesicular lesions, but it is not limited to a single dermatome and typically occurs in areas of direct skin exposure to an allergen or irritant.

A. “I will wear non-slip socks while in the hospital to reduce my risk of falling." B. “I will place small rugs throughout my house to prevent slipping." C. "At home, I should not wear my glasses nearby to avoid missteps." D. “I don't need to do weight-bearing exercises because they won't help my bones."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "I will wear non-slip socks while in the hospital to reduce my risk of falling." Wearing non-slip socks provides better traction and reduces the risk of slipping, which is especially important for patients with osteoporosis who are at higher risk for fractures.

B. "I will place small rugs throughout my house to prevent slipping." Small rugs can be a tripping hazard and increase the risk of falls. Patients should be advised to remove loose rugs or secure them with non-slip backing.

C. "At home, I should not wear my glasses nearby to avoid missteps." Patients should always wear their prescribed glasses to ensure clear vision and reduce the risk of tripping over obstacles. Poor vision can contribute to falls.

D. "I don't need to do weight-bearing exercises because they won't help my bones." Weight-bearing exercises, such as walking and resistance training, help maintain bone density and reduce the risk of osteoporosis-related fractures.

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A nurse is explaining the pathophysiology of pneumonia to a group of nursing students. Which statement by one of the students indicates a correct understanding of the condition?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client who reports burning, stabbing pain on their right thorax. The nurse notes the presence of a unilateral vesicular rash following a dermatome. Based on these findings, which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is educating a patient with osteoporosis about fall prevention strategies at home and in the hospital. Which statement by the patient indicates a correct understanding of the teaching?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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