A nurse is giving an intramuscular injection to a newborn who was delivered at 38 weeks of gestation. Which of the following pain scales should the nurse use to assess the newborn's pain?

Natal Infant Pa Scale PS

FACES pain rating scale

Premature infant Pain Profile (PIPP)

visual analog scale (VAS)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason:

A. Natal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS): The NIPS is a behavioral assessment tool designed for both preterm and full-term neonates. It evaluates six behavioral indicators in response to painful procedures. These indicators include changes in facial expression (such as grimacing, brow bulge, and eye squeeze), body movements (such as fisting, tremulousness, and limb withdrawal), and other signs of distress

Choice B reason:

FACES pain rating scale The FACES pain rating scale should not be used because it is a visual scale that uses facial expressions to assess pain in children who can communicate using pictures of faces displaying different emotions. It is generally used for older children and not appropriate for newborns.

Choice C reason

Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP): The PIPP is another pain assessment tool specifically developed for preterm infants. It considers physiological and behavioral parameters, including facial expressions, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and gestational age. While useful for preterm infants, it may not be the best choice for full-term newborns.

Since the newborn in this scenario was delivered at 38 weeks of gestation, the PIPP would be an appropriate pain assessment tool to use. It considers specific physiological and behavioural indicators of pain in newborns and helps healthcare providers evaluate and manage pain in this vulnerable population.

Choice D reason:

Visual analog scale (VAS) should not be used because the visual analog scale is a pain assessment tool typically used for older children, adolescents, and adults who can understand and provide a subjective rating of their pain intensity along a linear scale. It involves marking a point on the line corresponding to the level of pain experienced. Since newborns cannot communicate in this way, the VAS is not suitable for their pain assessment.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Among the options listed, cheese is the food that is contraindicated with MAOI use. Cheese is high in tyramine, and consuming it while taking MAOIs can lead to a potentially life-threatening hypertensive crisis.

An MAOI (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor) is a type of medication used to treat depression, anxiety, and other psychiatric disorders. When taking MAOIs, it is important to avoid certain foods that contain high levels of tyramine, as it can lead to a dangerous increase in blood pressure known as a hypertensive crisis.

Choice B reason:

Potatoes: Potatoes are not contraindicated with MAOI use. They do not contain significant levels of tyramine.

Choice C reason:

Grapefruit: Grapefruit is not contraindicated with MAOI use. However, it can interact with certain medications, so it's always a good idea to check with the healthcare provider or pharmacist about specific medication interactions.

Choice D reason:

Eggs: Eggs are not contraindicated with MAOI use. Like potatoes, they do not contain significant levels of tyramine.

A. A client forgets to buy their partner a birthday gift after a disagreement. B. A client who was abused as a child describes the abuse as if it happened to someone else. C. A client who is shorter than average is verbally assertive with coworkers. D. A client states that they did not get a job promotion because the boss did not like them.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. This choice is incorrect because forgetting to buy a gift is not an example of dissociation, but rather a sign of poor memory or lack of attention.

B. This choice is correct because describing the abuse as if it happened to someone else is an example of dissociation, which is a defense mechanism that involves separating oneself from painful or traumatic experiences.

C. This choice is incorrect because being verbally assertive is not an example of dissociation, but rather a personality trait or a coping skill.

D. This choice is incorrect because blaming the boss for not getting a promotion is not an example of dissociation, but rather a sign of external locus of control or rationalization.

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A nurse is giving an intramuscular injection to a newborn who was delivered at 38 weeks of gestation. Which of the following pain scales should the nurse use to assess the newborn's pain?

Nursing Test Bank

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