A nurse is performing an assessment on the fingers and toes of a patient.
What finding is consistent with clubbing?
Decreased angle between the cuticles and the nails.
Upward curving of the nails.
Blue nails.
Angle of nails > 160 degrees.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
A decreased angle between the cuticles and the nails is not indicative of clubbing. In fact, it is often associated with healthy nails. Clubbing is recognized by changes that increase the angle between the nail bed and the cuticle.
Choice B rationale
An upward curving of the nails, known as koilonychia or spoon nails, is not characteristic of clubbing but is often associated with iron-deficiency anemia. Hence, this answer is incorrect for clubbing.
Choice C rationale
Blue nails indicate cyanosis, which is related to a lack of oxygen in the blood. This is distinct from clubbing, which is more about the shape and angle of the nails rather than their color.
Choice D rationale
Clubbing is recognized by an increase in the angle between the nail bed and the cuticle, often greater than 160 degrees. This is a hallmark feature and the correct indicator of clubbing.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Atrial depolarization refers to the electrical activation of the atria, which is depicted by the P wave on an ECG, not the T wave. The P wave represents the contraction phase of the atria as it pumps blood into the ventricles. Therefore, this option is incorrect for the T wave.
Choice B rationale
Atrial repolarization is the process of the atria returning to their resting state. This repolarization is generally obscured by the QRS complex on an ECG and is not associated with the T wave. Thus, this answer choice is also incorrect.
Choice C rationale
Ventricular depolarization is represented by the QRS complex on an ECG. It indicates the ventricles are contracting to pump blood to the lungs and the rest of the body. Therefore, it does not correlate with the T wave.
Choice D rationale
Ventricular repolarization is indicated by the T wave on an ECG. This phase signifies the ventricles returning to their resting state after the contraction. It is the correct answer as it accurately reflects the T wave's function.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
"C" in the ABCDE criteria for assessing skin lesions stands for Color. This criterion refers to the variations in the color of the lesion, which could include shades of black, brown, tan, or even white, red, or blue. Uneven or multiple colors within a single lesion can be a warning sign of melanoma, a type of skin cancer. Regularly checking the color of moles or spots on the skin is crucial for early detection of potential malignancies.
Choice B rationale
Characteristics are not part of the ABCDE criteria. The ABCDE criteria specifically stand for Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, and Evolving. These criteria are used by healthcare professionals to identify suspicious skin lesions that may need further evaluation or biopsy to rule out skin cancer. Focusing on these specific aspects helps in early detection and treatment of malignant skin conditions.
Choice C rationale
Crepitus is a term used to describe a crackling or grating sound or sensation, typically associated with bones or joints, and is not related to skin lesion assessment. Crepitus can be felt or heard in conditions such as arthritis, where the cartilage in the joints has worn away, causing bones to rub against each other. It is unrelated to the ABCDE criteria for skin lesions.
Choice D rationale
Coping methods are strategies used by individuals to manage stress, emotions, or adverse situations and have no relevance to the ABCDE criteria for skin lesions. Coping methods can include techniques like exercise, meditation, or talking to a therapist, but they do not pertain to the physical examination of skin lesions for signs of cancer.
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