A nurse is planning care for a client who has hypernatremia. Which of the following IV solutions should the nurse plan to initiate?

Dextran 40

Dextrose 5 in water

Dextrose 10% in water

25% albumin

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Dextran 40 is a plasma volume expander and not used for correcting hypernatremia.
B.   Hypernatremia indicates a deficit of water relative to sodium. Providing hypotonic solutions like Dextrose 5 in water helps to dilute the sodium concentration in the body fluids, effectively treating hypernatremia.
C.   Dextrose 10% in water is a hypertonic solution and would exacerbate hypernatremia by increasing the concentration of sodium in the body fluids.
D.   25% albumin is a hypertonic solution and would exacerbate hypernatremia by increasing the concentration of sodium in the body fluids.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Polyuria (excessive urination) is not typically associated with low calcium levels. It may occur in conditions such as diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus.
B. Hypocalcemia (low calcium levels) can lead to neuromuscular irritability, which may manifest as muscle tremors or spasms. This is a classic sign of hypocalcemia.
C. Dry, sticky mucous membranes are more indicative of dehydration rather than hypocalcemia.
D. Negative Chvostek's sign means the absence of facial muscle twitching upon tapping the facial nerve, which is not expected in hypocalcemia.

A. A client who has a calcium of 9.8 mg/dL B. A client who has a phosphate of 5.7 mg/dL C. A client who has a magnesium of 1.8 mEq/L D. A client who has a vitamin D of 25 ng/ml

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Normal calcium levels are not indicative of hypoparathyroidism.
B. A manifestation of hypoparathyroidism would be a high phosphate level due to the low production of parathyroid hormone, which is responsible for regulating calcium and phosphate levels. It leads to reduced phosphate excretion.
C. Low magnesium levels are not indicative of hypoparathyroidism.
D. Normal vitamin D levels are not indicative of hypoparathyroidism.

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A nurse is planning care for a client who has hypernatremia. Which of the following IV solutions should the nurse plan to initiate?

Nursing Test Bank

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