A nurse is planning care for a client with vulvovaginitis. Which treatment is appropriate for Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infection?

Choice A rationale:

Lactobacilli overgrowth can lead to a fishy odor, particularly in bacterial vaginosis (BV) The overgrowth disrupts the normal vaginal pH.

Choice B rationale:

A viral infection wouldn't cause a fishy odor. Viruses like human papillomavirus (HPV) might cause genital warts but not this specific odor.

Choice C rationale:

Protozoa, such as Trichomonas vaginalis, cause a distinct odor, but it's not typically described as fishy.

Choice D rationale:

Allergic reactions to douches might cause irritation, itching, or redness, but they wouldn't lead to a fishy odor.

Choice A rationale:

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is not related to hormonal changes but rather an overgrowth of bacteria causing an imbalance in the vaginal ecosystem.

Choice B rationale:

Candidal vulvovaginitis (CV) is a fungal infection and is not primarily caused by hormonal changes.

Choice C rationale:

Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) is a sexually transmitted infection and is not directly linked to hormonal changes.

Choice D rationale:

Atrophic vaginitis (AV) occurs due to hormonal changes, specifically a decrease in estrogen levels that can lead to thinning and inflammation of vaginal tissues. Estrogen deficiency commonly occurs during menopause or aging, leading to symptoms like vaginal dryness and discomfort.