A client with vulvovaginitis presents with a thick, white discharge resembling cottage cheese. Which of the following causative agents is most likely responsible for this presentation?
Anaerobic bacteria.
Fungi.
Protozoa.
Low estrogen levels.
Human papillomavirus.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale:
Anaerobic bacteria are not responsible for the described symptoms. They typically cause foul-smelling discharge with a different consistency.
Choice B rationale:
Fungi, such as Candida species, commonly cause vaginal candidiasis, which presents with thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge. This matches the client's symptoms.
Choice C rationale:
Protozoa, like Trichomonas vaginalis, usually lead to a frothy, greenish-yellow discharge with a foul odor, which doesn't align with the client's presentation.
Choice D rationale:
Low estrogen levels would not directly cause this type of discharge. They might lead to vaginal dryness and thinning of vaginal walls, but not the specific discharge described.
Choice E rationale:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) doesn't typically cause the described discharge. It's associated with genital warts and cervical changes but not with this type of discharge.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is E
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is primarily caused by an imbalance in the vaginal microbiota and is not known for multiple modes of transmission.
Choice B rationale:
Candidal vulvovaginitis (CV) is commonly caused by Candida fungi and is not known for having various modes of transmission.
Choice C rationale:
Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) is primarily transmitted sexually and is not typically associated with contact or vector transmission.
Choice D rationale:
Atrophic vaginitis (AV) is related to hormonal changes and is not transmitted through sexual or contact modes.
Choice E rationale:
Other types of vulvovaginitis, such as certain viral or bacterial infections, could have various modes of transmission, including sexual, contact, or vector transmission. It is important to consider these possibilities when educating clients about modes of transmission.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Initiation of antibiotic therapy is not the primary intervention for severe dehydration in gastroenteritis. Fluid replacement is crucial to correct the fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
Choice B rationale:
Administration of antidiarrheal agents is contraindicated in cases of severe dehydration. These agents can delay the elimination of the causative agent and further worsen fluid loss.
Choice C rationale:
Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is effective for mild dehydration but may not be sufficient in cases of severe dehydration where oral intake is limited.
Choice D rationale:
Intravenous fluid therapy (IVF) is the appropriate intervention for severe dehydration. IV fluids rapidly restore fluid balance and correct electrolyte imbalances, ensuring timely rehydration and preventing complications.
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