A nurse is planning care for a newborn who is large for gestational age. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.)

A. Elevated blood pressure is typically associated with gestational hypertension or preeclampsia rather than hyperemesis gravidarum. In hyperemesis, the significant fluid loss through protracted vomiting more commonly leads to hypovolemia and a subsequent decrease in systemic blood pressure. While compensatory tachycardia may occur, hypertension is not a direct scientific expectation for this clinical condition.

B. Leukopenia, which is a decrease in the white blood cell count, is not a typical finding in clients suffering from hyperemesis gravidarum. Hemoconcentration caused by severe dehydration may actually result in a relative increase in various laboratory values, including hematocrit and occasionally white cell counts. There is no physiological mechanism within this disorder that causes the bone marrow suppression required for leukopenia.

C. Hydramnios, or excessive amniotic fluid volume, is generally associated with fetal anomalies or maternal diabetes rather than severe vomiting. Hyperemesis gravidarum is characterized by a state of maternal fluid volume deficit rather than an excess of amniotic fluid. In severe, untreated cases, maternal dehydration might actually lead to decreased placental perfusion and a potential reduction in amniotic fluid.

D. Ketonuria is a critical finding in hyperemesis gravidarum that indicates the body has shifted to an anaerobic metabolic state. Because the client cannot retain sufficient carbohydrates for energy, the body begins catabolizing adipose tissue to produce fuel, resulting in the accumulation of ketone bodies. The presence of these ketones in the urine confirms that the client is experiencing metabolic starvation and requires immediate intervention.

A) Correct- Feeling the baby's swallowing during breastfeeding indicates that the baby is effectively transferring milk from the breast. It suggests that the baby is latched on correctly and is receiving milk.
B) Incorrect- Moderate tenderness during breastfeeding is common initially, but it should not be persistent or severe.
C) Incorrect- While bowel movements are important, having at least one bowel movement every day is not necessarily an indicator of effective breastfeeding.
D) Incorrect- While wet diapers are important to ensure adequate hydration, having at least six wet diapers every day is not the primary sign of effective breastfeeding.