A nurse is planning to administer packed RBCs to an older adult client who has a low hemoglobin level.
Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?

Hang the transfusion with dextrose 5% in 0.9% sodium chloride.

Infuse the transfusion over 5 hr.

Use a 20-gauge IV catheter to transfuse the blood.

Monitor vital signs every hour throughout the transfusion.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale:

Hanging the transfusion with dextrose 5% in 0.9% sodium chloride is incorrect. Packed red blood cells (PRBCs) are transfused with normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride) and not with dextrose-containing solutions. Using dextrose can cause the red blood cells to hemolyze.

Choice B rationale:

Infusing the transfusion over 5 hours is incorrect. PRBC transfusions are typically administered over 2-4 hours, not 5 hours. Infusing the blood too slowly may cause the patient discomfort and may also increase the risk of bacterial growth in the blood product.

Choice C rationale:

Using a 20-gauge IV catheter to transfuse the blood is incorrect. While a 20-gauge IV catheter is suitable for most blood transfusions, it may not be appropriate for older adults or patients with fragile veins. A smaller gauge, such as 22 or 24, might be more suitable to prevent phlebitis and ensure a steady flow without damaging the blood cells.

Choice D rationale:

Monitoring vital signs every hour throughout the transfusion is the correct action. During a blood transfusion, it's crucial to monitor the patient's vital signs frequently to detect any adverse reactions promptly. Vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, should be assessed before the transfusion, 15 minutes after starting the transfusion, and then hourly thereafter. This vigilant monitoring helps in identifying potential transfusion reactions, such as fever, chills, or hypotension, allowing for immediate intervention if needed.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

- A. The nurse should discourage raw fruits due to risk of infection.

- B. There is no standard recommendation against exposure to young children.

- C. Incorrect. The nurse should measure the client's temperature at least every 4 hr, or more frequently if indicated because fever is a sign of infection in a client who has neutropenia and requires prompt intervention.

- D. Incorrect. The nurse should use disposable gloves from a box inside the client's room, not outside, to prevent cross-contamination and protect the client from exposure to pathogens.

A. Providing postmortem care for a client who has recently died. B. Performing a simple dressing change on a client's foot. C. Washing hands with alcohol-based hand rub after bathing a client who has Clostridium difficile. D. Emptying an indwelling urinary catheter bag for a client while wearing clean gloves.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Providing postmortem care for a client who has recently died does not require immediate intervention by the charge nurse, as it is a standard nursing responsibility to provide postmortem care with dignity and respect to the deceased client. The AP can proceed with this task independently.

Choice B rationale:

Performing a simple dressing change on a client's foot is within the scope of practice for an assistive personnel (AP) and does not require immediate intervention by the charge nurse, assuming the AP is competent and trained to perform this task.

Choice C rationale:

Washing hands with alcohol-based hand rub after bathing a client who has Clostridium difficile is not sufficient. Alcohol is not effective against C. Difficile spores.

Choice D rationale:

Clean gloves are sufficient for this task, as they do provide adequate protection against the transmission of infections.

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A nurse is planning to administer packed RBCs to an older adult client who has a low hemoglobin level.
Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?