A nurse is planning to teach a group of nurses about the uses of mannitol. Which of the following client conditions is an indication for administering this medication?
A client who has deep-vein thrombosis
A client who has heart failure
A client who has increased intraocular pressure
A client who has an intracranial bleed
The Correct Answer is C
C. Mannitol is often used to reduce intraocular pressure in conditions such as acute glaucoma or before ophthalmic surgery. It works by creating an osmotic gradient that draws fluid out of the eye, reducing pressure and protecting optic nerve function.
A Deep-vein thrombosis requires anticoagulation therapy to prevent clot propagation and embolization, not osmotic diuretics like mannitol.
B. Heart failure management focuses on improving cardiac function and relieving symptoms such as fluid overload through medications like diuretics (e.g., furosemide), ACE inhibitors, and beta-blockers, not osmotic diuretics like mannitol.
D. Mannitol is used to reduce intracranial pressure in conditions such as traumatic brain injury, intracranial hemorrhage, or brain tumors. By increasing serum osmolality, mannitol draws water out of brain tissue, reducing cerebral edema and intracranial pressure. However, it is important to note that mannitol should not be used in cases of active intracranial bleeding except during craniotomy.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
C. After naloxone administration, the nurse should monitor for signs of opioid withdrawal and arrhythmias and potentially administer additional doses based on clinical response.
A Naloxone is not effective when administered orally due to poor bioavailability. It should be given intravenously (IV), intramuscularly (IM), subcutaneously (SC), or intranasally (IN).
B. Naloxone does not have a contraindication for clients with glaucoma. It primarily acts on opioid receptors and does not affect intraocular pressure.
D. Naloxone has a relatively short duration of action compared to many opioids it antagonizes. However, the need for repeat doses should be based on the clinical response of the client rather than a fixed time interval.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
B. Endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves, usually caused by bacteria entering the bloodstream. Treatment typically involves antibiotics that can penetrate into heart tissues to eradicate the infection.
A. Kidney transplant recipients are at risk for infections, particularly from immunosuppressive therapy that reduces their ability to fight off pathogens. Metronidazole is not commonly indicated.
C. Metronidazole can rarely cause neurotoxic side effects, including seizures, particularly with high doses or prolonged use. It is not used to treat seizures, and its use should be carefully monitored in patients with a history of seizures or neurological disorders.
D. Hypokalemia is a metabolic disorder that requires correction of potassium levels through appropriate supplementation or treatment of the underlying cause. Metronidazole is used for infections and does not play a role in managing electrolyte abnormalities like hypokalemia.
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