A nurse is preparing a response protocol for botulism as a bioterrorism agent. The nurse should prepare the protocol based on which of the following information? (Select all that apply.)

Botulism is acquired through direct contact with an infected person.

Notify the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) when more than three cases are confirmed.

Botulism can produce paralysis within 12 to 72 hours following exposure.

Vomiting and diarrhea are expected findings following exposure.

Botulism is a toxin found in castor beans.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : C,D

Choice A reason: Botulism is Acquired Through Direct Contact with an Infected Person

Botulism is not acquired through direct contact with an infected person. It is caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The most common forms of botulism are foodborne, wound, and infant botulism. Foodborne botulism occurs when a person ingests food containing the toxin, while wound botulism occurs when the bacteria infect a wound and produce the toxin. Infant botulism occurs when infants ingest spores of the bacteria, which then grow and produce the toxin in their intestines.

Choice B reason: Notify the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) When More Than Three Cases Are Confirmed

While notifying the CDC is crucial in the event of a botulism outbreak, the specific threshold for notification can vary. Generally, any suspected case of botulism should be reported to public health authorities immediately due to the severity of the disease and the potential for outbreaks. The CDC provides guidelines for reporting and managing botulism cases.

Choice C reason: Botulism Can Produce Paralysis Within 12 to 72 Hours Following Exposure

Botulism can indeed produce paralysis within 12 to 72 hours following exposure. The toxin affects the nervous system, leading to muscle paralysis. Early symptoms include weakness, dizziness, and dry mouth, followed by more severe symptoms such as blurred vision, difficulty swallowing, and muscle weakness. If left untreated, botulism can lead to respiratory failure and death.

Choice D reason: Vomiting and Diarrhea Are Expected Findings Following Exposure

Vomiting and diarrhea may occur early, especially in foodborne or inhalational exposures, before neurologic signs appear

Choice E reason: Botulism is a Toxin Found in Castor Beans

Botulism is not a toxin found in castor beans. The toxin found in castor beans is ricin, which is a different type of bioterrorism agent. Botulism is caused by the botulinum toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum bacteria.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Constipation is not typically associated with hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism usually speeds up the body’s metabolism, leading to symptoms like increased bowel movements or diarrhea rather than constipation.

Choice B Reason:

Sensitivity to cold is more commonly associated with hypothyroidism, where the body’s metabolism slows down. In hyperthyroidism, patients often experience heat intolerance due to an increased metabolic rate.

Choice C Reason:

Weight gain of 4.5 kg (10 lbs) in 3 weeks is also more indicative of hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism generally causes weight loss despite an increased appetite because of the accelerated metabolism.

Choice D Reason:

Frequent mood changes are a common symptom of hyperthyroidism. The excess thyroid hormones can affect the nervous system, leading to symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, and mood swings.

A. Exophthalmos B. Photophobia C. Lethargy D. Weight loss

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Exophthalmos

Exophthalmos, or bulging eyes, is not a typical symptom of hypothyroidism. Instead, it is commonly associated with hyperthyroidism, particularly Graves’ disease. In hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland is underactive, leading to a different set of symptoms.

Choice B reason: Photophobia

Photophobia, or sensitivity to light, is not a common symptom of hypothyroidism. While hypothyroidism can cause a variety of symptoms, photophobia is more often associated with conditions affecting the eyes or the nervous system.

Choice C reason: Lethargy

Lethargy, or extreme fatigue, is a common symptom of hypothyroidism. When the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones, the body’s metabolism slows down, leading to feelings of tiredness and lack of energy. This is one of the hallmark symptoms of hypothyroidism and can significantly impact a person’s daily life.

Choice D reason: Weight Loss

Weight loss is not typically associated with hypothyroidism. In fact, weight gain is more common due to the slowed metabolism caused by an underactive thyroid. Individuals with hypothyroidism often experience difficulty losing weight and may gain weight even with a normal diet and exercise routine.

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A nurse is preparing a response protocol for botulism as a bioterrorism agent. The nurse should prepare the protocol based on which of the following information? (Select all that apply.)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client who has hypothyroidism. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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