A nurse is preparing to administer amikacin 5 mg/kg IM every 8 hr to a client. The client weighs 70.8 kg. How many mg should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

A. Pull the auricle upward and outward: While pulling the auricle upward helps straighten the external auditory canal in adults, directing it outward does not fully align the canal’s natural S-shaped curve. Proper straightening requires a backward motion to allow the medication to flow toward the tympanic membrane effectively.

B. Pull the auricle downward and backward: Pulling the auricle downward and backward is the technique used for children younger than 3 years of age. In young children, the ear canal is more horizontal, and this maneuver helps straighten it appropriately. This method is not correct for adults.

C. Pull the auricle upward and backward: In adults, the external auditory canal curves upward and posteriorly. Pulling the auricle upward and backward straightens the canal, facilitating proper instillation of the medication and ensuring it reaches the intended area near the tympanic membrane.

D. Pull the auricle downward and outward: This technique does not effectively straighten the adult ear canal. Incorrect positioning can result in medication pooling in the outer canal rather than reaching the deeper structures where therapeutic action is needed.

A. Turn the newborn's head quickly to one side while they are sleeping: Turning the head quickly elicits the tonic neck reflex (also called the “fencing reflex”), not the Moro reflex. This reflex causes the newborn to extend the arm and leg on the side the head is turned while flexing the opposite limbs.

B. Place a finger in the newborn's palm: Placing a finger in the newborn’s palm elicits the palmar grasp reflex, causing the infant to curl their fingers around the object. It does not trigger the Moro reflex, which involves a startle response of the whole body.

C. Clap hands after laying the newborn on a flat surface: The Moro reflex is elicited by a sudden loss of support or a startle stimulus, such as a loud clap or gentle dropping of the infant’s head slightly backward while lying on a flat surface. The newborn responds with abduction and extension of the arms, followed by adduction and often crying.

D. Hold the newborn upright with one foot touching the crib surface: This action is used to elicit the stepping or walking reflex, in which the newborn makes stepping movements. It does not elicit the Moro reflex, which is a response to sudden displacement or loud stimuli.