A nurse is providing an educational session to colleagues on the unit regarding COPD. Which of the following options would the nurse provide regarding associated risks of COPD?
Weight loss
Poor nutrition
Muscle dysfunction
Increased risk for pneumonia
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A Reason:
Weight loss is inappropriate. Weight loss can occur in individuals with COPD, particularly in advanced stages of the disease. Factors contributing to weight loss may include decreased appetite, increased energy expenditure due to labored breathing, and muscle wasting.
Choice B Reason:
Poor nutrition is inappropriate. Poor nutrition is a significant risk factor in COPD. Individuals with COPD may experience difficulties with eating due to dyspnea, fatigue, and reduced appetite. Malnutrition can lead to muscle weakness, decreased immune function, and worsened respiratory status.
Choice C Reason:
Muscle dysfunction is inappropriate: Muscle dysfunction, particularly skeletal muscle dysfunction, is common in COPD. Reduced physical activity, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic abnormalities contribute to muscle wasting and weakness in individuals with COPD.
Choice D Reason
.Increased risk for pneumonia is incorrect. Individuals with COPD are at an increased risk for respiratory infections, including pneumonia. COPD-related factors such as impaired mucociliary clearance, airway inflammation, and reduced lung function predispose patients to respiratory infections.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
"Are you having any feelings of depression?". This statement is appropriate. Migraines can significantly impact mood, and depression is a common comorbidity in individuals with chronic migraines. Inquiring about feelings of depression allows the nurse to assess the client's mental health status and provide appropriate support or referrals if needed.
Choice B Reason:
"Are you experiencing any sensitivity to light?": This statement is inappropriate. This question addresses a physical symptom commonly associated with migraines rather than psychosocial impact.
Choice C Reason:
"Are you feeling any increase in your sexual drive?"Migraines are more likely to decrease sexual drive due to pain and fatigue. This question is not typically relevant to the psychosocial impact of migraines.
Choice D Reason:
"Are you experiencing any episodes of 'panic-type' feelings?" This statement is appropriate. Migraines can sometimes trigger anxiety or panic attacks in affected individuals. Inquiring about panic-type feelings allows the nurse to assess the client's emotional response to migraines and provide interventions or referrals for anxiety management if necessary.
Choice E Reason:
"Are you experiencing more fatigue as compared to before you had migraines?": This statement is appropriate. Fatigue is a common symptom associated with migraines, both during and after an attack. Assessing the client's level of fatigue helps the nurse understand the impact of migraines on the client's energy levels and overall functioning.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Genetics is correct. There is evidence to suggest that genetics play a role in the development of multiple sclerosis. Although no single gene has been identified as the cause of MS, certain genetic variations have been associated with an increased risk of developing the disease. Having a first-degree relative with MS increases an individual's risk, although the overall genetic contribution to MS susceptibility is thought to be relatively modest.
Choice B Reason:
Environmental factors is correct. Environmental factors are believed to play a significant role in the development of multiple sclerosis, particularly in individuals with a genetic predisposition. Factors such as vitamin D deficiency, smoking, exposure to certain infections (such as Epstein-Barr virus), and geographic location (latitude) have been implicated as potential triggers for MS development.
Choice C Reason:
Upper respiratory infections is incorrect. While infections may trigger exacerbations or relapses in individuals with existing multiple sclerosis, there is limited evidence to suggest that upper respiratory infections contribute directly to the development of MS. However, some research suggests that viral infections, particularly those occurring during childhood or adolescence, may influence the risk of developing MS later in life.
Choice D Reason:
Autoimmune factors is correct. Multiple sclerosis is widely recognized as an autoimmune disease, characterized by immune-mediated inflammation and damage to the central nervous system. In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks myelin, the protective covering of nerve fibers, leading to demyelination and neurological dysfunction. Autoimmune factors are therefore considered central to the pathogenesis of MS.
Choice E Reason:
Urinary tract infections is incorrect. While urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in individuals with multiple sclerosis due to bladder dysfunction associated with the disease, there is no direct evidence to suggest that UTIs contribute to the development of MS.
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