A nurse is providing breakfast for a client who has celiac disease. Which of the following meal items should the nurse select?

Graham crackers with peanut butter

Poached eggs with wheat bagel

Rice cereal with sliced bananas

Rye toast with herbal tea

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Graham crackers are made from wheat flour, which contains gluten. Peanut butter is a good source of fat and protein, but it may also contain traces of gluten from cross-contamination.

Choice B reason: Poached eggs are a good source of protein, but wheat bagel contains gluten, which is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. Gluten can damage the small intestine and cause malabsorption, diarrhea, and abdominal pain in people with celiac disease.

Choice C reason: Rice cereal is gluten-free and a good source of carbohydrates. Sliced bananas are gluten-free and a good source of potassium, fiber, and vitamin C.

Choice D reason: Rye toast contains gluten, which can harm people with celiac disease. Herbal tea is gluten-free and can help with hydration, but it does not provide enough calories or nutrients.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Potassium 3.5 mEq/L is not a finding that indicates fluid volume deficit because it is within the normal range, which is 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. Potassium is an electrolyte that regulates nerve and muscle function, acid-base balance, and fluid balance. Potassium level can be affected by various factors, such as diet, medication, kidney function, and dehydration.

Choice B reason: Sodium 145 mEq/L is not a finding that indicates fluid volume deficit because it is within the normal range, which is 136 to 145 mEq/L. Sodium is an electrolyte that regulates blood pressure, blood volume, and fluid balance. Sodium level can be affected by various factors, such as diet, medication, kidney function, and fluid loss.

Choice C reason: Hematocrit 53% is a finding that indicates fluid volume deficit because it is above the normal range, which is 38 to 50% for men and 34 to 46% for women. Hematocrit is the percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume. Hematocrit level can increase due to dehydration, which causes hemoconcentration or increased blood viscosity.

Choice D reason: HbA1c 5% is not a finding that indicates fluid volume deficit because it is within the normal range, which is less than 5.7%. HbA1c is the percentage of hemoglobin that is attached to glucose. HbA1c level reflects the average blood glucose level over the past two to three months. HbA1c level can be affected by various factors, such as diabetes, anemia, and medication.

A. Creatinine 0.8 mg/dL B. Hgb 15 g/dL C. BUN 18 mg/dL D. Sodium 149 mEq/L

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Creatinine 0.8 mg/dL is within the normal range (0.6-1.2), and it does not indicate fluid volume excess. Creatinine is a waste product of muscle metabolism that is filtered by the kidneys. High creatinine levels can indicate kidney damage or impaired renal function.

Choice B reason: Hgb 15 g/dL is within the normal range (13-17 for men, 12-16 for women), and it does not indicate fluid volume excess. Hgb stands for hemoglobin, which is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the tissues. Low hemoglobin levels can indicate anemia, bleeding, or hemolysis.

Choice C reason: BUN 18 mg/dL is within the normal range (7-20), and it does not indicate fluid volume excess. BUN stands for blood urea nitrogen, which is a waste product of protein metabolism that is filtered by the kidneys. High BUN levels can indicate dehydration, kidney damage, or high protein intake.

Choice D reason: Sodium 149 mEq/L is high and indicates fluid volume excess. Sodium is an electrolyte that helps maintain fluid balance, blood pressure, and nerve impulses. High sodium levels can cause fluid retention, edema, hypertension, and heart failure.

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A nurse is providing breakfast for a client who has celiac disease. Which of the following meal items should the nurse select?

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