A nurse measures a client's weight as 70 kg and height as 1.1 m. What is the client's body mass index? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

Choice A reason: A pump is usually needed to administer intermittent tube feedings, as it can control the flow rate and volume of the formula. A pump can also prevent overfeeding, aspiration, or diarrhea.

Choice B reason: Administering feedings over 10 to 20 minutes is too fast, as it can cause abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, or dumping syndrome. Intermittent tube feedings should be administered over 30 to 60 minutes.

Choice C reason: Administering feedings while sleeping at night is not recommended, as it can increase the risk of aspiration, reflux, or infection. Intermittent tube feedings should be administered during waking hours and with the head of the bed elevated at least 30 degrees.

Choice D reason: Advancing the rate of feedings slowly is advisable, as it can help the body adjust to the formula and prevent intolerance or complications. The rate should be increased gradually until the desired goal is reached.

Choice A reason: Hemoglobin 16 g/dL is within the normal range for adults and does not indicate an adverse effect of TPN.

Choice B reason: Temperature 36.1°C (97°F) is normal and does not indicate an infection or inflammation, which are possible complications of TPN.

Choice C reason: Blood glucose 98 mg/dL is normal and does not indicate hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia, which are common problems associated with TPN.

Choice D reason: Weight gain of 1.5 kg (3 lB. per day is excessive and indicates fluid overload, which can result from too rapid or too high infusion of TPN. Fluid overload can cause edema, hypertension, heart failure, and pulmonary congestion.