A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client following a cardiac catheterization. Which of the following information should the nurse include?

"You will notice a small hematoma at the incision site."

"The dressing should be changed within 12 hours of the procedure."

"You can resume regular exercise as soon as tomorrow."

"Pain medication will not be necessary."

None

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Rationale for A:

A small hematoma at the catheter insertion site is common after cardiac catheterization due to the puncture of blood vessels. The nurse should inform the client that this may occur but reassure them that it typically resolves on its own.

Rationale for B:

The dressing usually remains intact for 24 to 48 hours post-procedure to prevent infection and promote healing. The client should be instructed to keep the dressing clean and dry until the healthcare provider gives specific instructions.

Rationale for C: Clients are usually advised to avoid strenuous activities and exercise for several days after the procedure, not to resume regular exercise the next day.

Rationale for D: Pain medication may be necessary to manage discomfort post-procedure, and the nurse should encourage the client to take pain relief as needed.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The P wave is the first wave on the ECG strip and represents the electrical activity of the atria. It reﬂects the depolarization of the atrial myocardium, which is the process of changing the electrical charge of the cardiac cells from negative to positive, triggering a contraction. The P wave precedes the QRS complex, which represents ventricular depolarization, and the T wave, which represents ventricular repolarization.

The other options are not correct because:

a. Slow repolarization of ventricular Purkinje fibers. This statement is incorrect because it describes the U wave, which is a small and sometimes invisible wave that follows the T wave on the ECG strip. It reﬂects the repolarization of the ventricular Purkinje fibers, which are specialized cardiac cells that conduct electrical impulses to the ventricles. The U wave is more prominent in conditions that cause hypokalemia, such as diuretic use or vomiting.

c. Early ventricular repolarization. This statement is incorrect because it describes the ST segment, which is the ﬂat line between the QRS complex and the T wave on the ECG strip. It reﬂects the early phase of ventricular repolarization, which is the process of restoring the electrical charge of the cardiac cells to negative after a contraction. The ST segment can be elevated or depressed in conditions that cause myocardial ischemia or injury, such as angina or myocardial infarction.

d. Ventricular depolarization. This statement is incorrect because it describes the QRS complex, which is the largest and most visible wave on the ECG strip. It reﬂects the depolarization of the ventricular myocardium, which triggers a ventricular contraction. The QRS complex follows the P wave and precedes the T wave on the ECG strip.

A. Cardiovascular disease B. Depression C. Thyroid disease D. Testicular cancer

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse should identify that this client has multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension, obesity, and smoking. These factors can increase the risk of atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease.

Depression is wrong because it is not directly related to the client's physical examination findings. Depression may have other risk factors, such as genetics, stress, trauma, or substance abuse.

Thyroid disease is wrong because it is not directly related to the client's physical examination findings. Thyroid disease may have other risk factors, such as autoimmune disorders, iodine deficiency, or radiation exposure.

Testicular cancer is wrong because it is not directly related to the client's physical examination findings. Testicular cancer may have other risk factors, such as cryptorchidism, family

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A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client following a cardiac catheterization. Which of the following information should the nurse include?

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