A nurse is providing education about the common causes of polyuria to a client who has a urinary alteration. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

"Polyuria can be caused by using antidepressants."

"Polyuria can be caused by enlargement of the prostate gland."

"Polyuria can be caused by drinking too much fluid."

"Polyuria can be caused by trauma to the lower urinary tract."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. "Polyuria can be caused by using antidepressants.": Antidepressants are more commonly associated with urinary retention or hesitancy rather than polyuria, so this statement reflects a misunderstanding of the typical causes.

B. "Polyuria can be caused by enlargement of the prostate gland.": Prostate enlargement usually causes urinary retention, difficulty initiating urination, or nocturia, rather than excessive urine output.

C. "Polyuria can be caused by drinking too much fluid.": Excessive fluid intake increases urine production, which is a common and direct cause of polyuria. This reflects an accurate understanding of one of the typical mechanisms leading to increased urine output.

D. "Polyuria can be caused by trauma to the lower urinary tract.": Trauma is more likely to result in hematuria, pain, or retention, not necessarily polyuria. This statement does not accurately reflect a common cause of excessive urination.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Rationale:

A. Generativity vs self-absorption: This stage occurs in middle adulthood, typically between ages 40 and 65, when individuals focus on contributing to society, guiding the next generation, and creating a lasting legacy.

B. Trust vs mistrust: This is the first stage of Erikson’s theory, occurring in infancy (birth to 1 year). It centers on developing a sense of trust when basic needs are met consistently by caregivers.

C. Identity vs role confusion: This stage occurs during adolescence (approximately ages 12 to 18) and involves exploring personal values, beliefs, and goals to develop a stable sense of self. Success leads to identity formation, while failure results in role confusion.

D. Intimacy vs isolation: This stage takes place in young adulthood (approximately ages 20 to 40) and focuses on forming deep, committed relationships while balancing independence and emotional closeness.

A. Wear a gown while providing personal hygiene. B. Place the client in a room with negative airflow, C. Apply a mask when providing care. D. Wipe the stethoscope with alcohol after leaving the client's room.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Rationale:

A. Wear a gown while providing personal hygiene: Contact precautions are required for clients with Clostridium difficile to prevent transmission via contaminated surfaces or direct contact. Wearing a gown during personal care protects the nurse’s clothing and skin from spores.

B. Place the client in a room with negative airflow: Negative airflow rooms are required for airborne infections such as tuberculosis or measles. C. difficile is spread via the fecal–oral route and does not require airborne isolation measures.

C. Apply a mask when providing care: Masks are necessary for droplet or airborne pathogens, but C. difficile spores are transmitted through direct or indirect contact, not respiratory droplets, so masks are not routinely required unless there is another indication.

D. Wipe the stethoscope with alcohol after leaving the client's room: C. difficile spores are resistant to alcohol-based disinfectants. Cleaning equipment requires soap and water or a sporicidal disinfectant to effectively remove spores and prevent spread.

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A nurse is providing education about the common causes of polyuria to a client who has a urinary alteration. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

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