A nurse is providing education to a community women’s group about lifestyle changes helpful in preventing osteoporosis. What topics does the nurse cover? (Select all that apply)

Cut down on tobacco product use.

Limit alcohol to two drinks a day.

Strengthening exercises are important.

Take recommended calcium and vitamin D.

Walk for 30 minutes at least three times a week.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D,E

Choice A reason: Tobacco use accelerates bone loss by reducing osteoblast activity and blood flow to bones, increasing osteoporosis risk. Cutting down on smoking improves bone density by enhancing bone formation and reducing resorption, a key preventive measure for women.
Choice B reason: Limiting alcohol to two drinks daily is not specific enough, as even moderate alcohol can impair calcium absorption and osteoblast function, increasing osteoporosis risk. Guidelines recommend minimal alcohol consumption, making this less accurate for prevention.
Choice C reason: Strengthening exercises (e.g., resistance training) stimulate osteoblast activity, increasing bone density and strength. This is critical for preventing osteoporosis, as mechanical stress on bones enhances mineralization, reducing fracture risk in women, especially postmenopausal.
Choice D reason: Calcium and vitamin D are essential for bone health. Calcium forms bone matrix, and vitamin D enhances its absorption. Adequate intake prevents bone resorption, maintaining bone density and reducing osteoporosis risk, making this a cornerstone of prevention.
Choice E reason: Weight-bearing exercises like walking stimulate bone formation by applying mechanical stress, increasing osteoblast activity. Walking 30 minutes three times weekly improves bone density and reduces fracture risk, making it an effective strategy for osteoporosis prevention in women.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Elevating the arm reduces edema but does not address a loose cast, which can fail to immobilize the fracture. Inadequate immobilization risks malunion or delayed healing, as the cast must maintain stable alignment of the fractured bones.
Choice B reason: Muscle atrophy occurs over weeks, not 3 days, and is not the primary cause of a loose cast. Initial swelling reduction post-fracture causes the looseness, requiring cast replacement to ensure proper immobilization and fracture stability.
Choice C reason: Wrapping a bandage around a loose cast is inadequate, as it does not provide the rigid support needed for fracture healing. Improper immobilization can lead to bone misalignment, delayed union, or soft tissue injury, necessitating a new cast.
Choice D reason: A loose cast 3 days post-application indicates reduced swelling, common after initial trauma. A new, properly fitted cast is needed to ensure immobilization, as loose casts fail to stabilize the fracture, risking malunion or nonunion of the wrist bones.

A. Infants are in a supine or prone position most of the time. B. Sucking on a nipple creates middle ear pressure. C. They have increased susceptibility to upper respiratory tract infections. D. The eustachian tube is short, straight, and wide.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: A supine or prone position may allow milk or secretions to pool, but this is not the primary reason for otitis media susceptibility. Positioning contributes indirectly by facilitating fluid reflux, but anatomical factors are more significant in infants.
Choice B reason: Sucking on a nipple does not significantly create middle ear pressure. While bottle-feeding in a supine position may allow fluid reflux into the eustachian tube, this is secondary to the anatomical structure of the tube itself.
Choice C reason: Infants are prone to upper respiratory infections due to immature immunity, which can lead to otitis media. However, this is a contributing factor, not the primary anatomical reason, as infections exploit the eustachian tube’s structure to cause middle ear inflammation.
Choice D reason: Infants’ eustachian tubes are shorter, straighter, and wider than in adults, allowing easier passage of bacteria from the nasopharynx to the middle ear. This anatomical feature impairs drainage and ventilation, increasing susceptibility to fluid accumulation and infection, making it the primary cause.

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A nurse is providing education to a community women’s group about lifestyle changes helpful in preventing osteoporosis. What topics does the nurse cover? (Select all that apply)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse cares for a client who had a wrist cast applied 3 days ago. The client states, “The cast is loose enough to slide off.” How would the nurse respond?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Why are infants more susceptible to otitis media?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client with diabetes mellitus who has fractured her arm. Which action would the nurse take first?

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