A nurse is providing health promotion teaching to the parents of an infant. Which of the following conditions should the nurse identify as the leading cause of death among this age group?
Congenital anomalies
Respiratory distress
Sudden infant death syndrome
Low birth weight
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A) Congenital anomalies: Congenital anomalies, also known as birth defects, are structural or functional abnormalities present at birth. They can affect any part of the body and may cause physical or developmental disabilities, as well as contribute to infant mortality. These anomalies can result from genetic factors, environmental exposures during pregnancy, or a combination of both. Preventive measures such as prenatal care, genetic counseling, and maternal health promotion play crucial roles in reducing the incidence and impact of congenital anomalies.
B) Respiratory distress: While respiratory distress can be a significant concern in newborns, especially those born prematurely or with certain medical conditions, it is not the leading cause of death among infants. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) occurs primarily in premature infants due to immature lung development and surfactant deficiency, requiring supportive care and sometimes mechanical ventilation to manage.
C) Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): SIDS is the sudden and unexplained death of an otherwise healthy infant, typically occurring during sleep. While SIDS is a devastating tragedy and a major public health concern, it is not the leading cause of death among infants. Strategies to reduce the risk of SIDS include placing infants on their backs to sleep, avoiding soft bedding and overheating, and promoting a safe sleep environment.
D) Low birth weight: Low birth weight, defined as a birth weight of less than 2,500 grams (5.5 pounds), is associated with an increased risk of neonatal complications and long-term health issues. While low birth weight infants may face various health challenges, including respiratory problems and developmental delays, low birth weight itself is not the leading cause of death among infants. Efforts to reduce low birth weight include prenatal care, nutrition support, and management of maternal risk factors such as smoking and substance abuse.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Separates easily from primary caregiver for short periods of time: This is the correct choice. Toddlers typically begin to demonstrate increased independence and are able to separate from their primary caregiver for short periods of time without significant distress. This developmental task reflects the toddler's growing sense of autonomy and confidence in exploring their environment.
B. Explains the difference between right and wrong: While toddlers may begin to understand simple rules and expectations, they are not yet capable of explaining the difference between right and wrong in a comprehensive or abstract manner. Moral development occurs gradually over time and is influenced by various factors, including socialization and parental guidance.
C. Cooperates in doing simple chores: Toddlers may begin to imitate or participate in simple household tasks or routines, but their level of cooperation is typically limited and may vary depending on individual temperament and developmental readiness. While involvement in chores can promote a sense of responsibility and independence, toddlers are still in the early stages of learning basic self-care skills and may require supervision and assistance.
D. Prints letters and numbers: The ability to print letters and numbers typically emerges during the preschool years, around ages 3 to 5, as part of the development of fine motor skills and early literacy. Toddlers are not developmentally ready to master the precision and coordination required for printing letters and numbers. Their focus during the toddler stage is primarily on gross motor skills, sensory exploration, and language development.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Looseness of association: Looseness of association refers to a thought disorder characterized by disorganized thinking and lack of logical connections between thoughts. It typically presents as disjointed or fragmented speech patterns, rather than misinterpreting social cues or actions of others.
B. Ideas of reference: Ideas of reference are a characteristic feature of schizophrenia involving the belief that external events, objects, or actions have special significance specifically directed at oneself. In this scenario, the client's belief that others laughing at a joke is directed towards them is an example of ideas of reference.
C. Magical thinking: Magical thinking involves the belief that one's thoughts, actions, or words can influence external events or outcomes. It is often associated with superstitions and rituals. While magical thinking can occur in schizophrenia, it is not specifically demonstrated in this scenario.
D. Delusions of grandeur: Delusions of grandeur involve false beliefs of one's own importance, power, or identity. While delusions of grandeur are a symptom of schizophrenia, they are not evident in this scenario, as the client's reaction is more related to misinterpretation of social cues rather than an exaggerated sense of self-importance.
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