A nurse is providing health promotion teaching to the parents of an infant. Which of the following conditions should the nurse identify as the leading cause of death among this age group?

Congenital anomalies

Respiratory distress

Sudden infant death syndrome

Low birth weight

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Rationale:

A) Congenital anomalies: Congenital anomalies, also known as birth defects, are structural or functional abnormalities present at birth. They can affect any part of the body and may cause physical or developmental disabilities, as well as contribute to infant mortality. These anomalies can result from genetic factors, environmental exposures during pregnancy, or a combination of both. Preventive measures such as prenatal care, genetic counseling, and maternal health promotion play crucial roles in reducing the incidence and impact of congenital anomalies.

B) Respiratory distress: While respiratory distress can be a significant concern in newborns, especially those born prematurely or with certain medical conditions, it is not the leading cause of death among infants. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) occurs primarily in premature infants due to immature lung development and surfactant deficiency, requiring supportive care and sometimes mechanical ventilation to manage.

C) Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): SIDS is the sudden and unexplained death of an otherwise healthy infant, typically occurring during sleep. While SIDS is a devastating tragedy and a major public health concern, it is not the leading cause of death among infants. Strategies to reduce the risk of SIDS include placing infants on their backs to sleep, avoiding soft bedding and overheating, and promoting a safe sleep environment.

D) Low birth weight: Low birth weight, defined as a birth weight of less than 2,500 grams (5.5 pounds), is associated with an increased risk of neonatal complications and long-term health issues. While low birth weight infants may face various health challenges, including respiratory problems and developmental delays, low birth weight itself is not the leading cause of death among infants. Efforts to reduce low birth weight include prenatal care, nutrition support, and management of maternal risk factors such as smoking and substance abuse.

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Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]

Explanation

Answer: C, D, E

A. The preschooler speaks in three-word sentences.
Speaking in three-word sentences is generally considered developmentally appropriate for a preschooler. By age 3 to 4, children typically use sentences that are more complex, but this is still within a normal range for early language development.

B. The preschooler talks to himself when reading.
Talking to oneself, especially during activities like reading, can be a normal behavior for preschoolers. This self-talk can actually be a part of cognitive development, helping them to process information and reinforce learning, and does not necessarily indicate a need for speech therapy.

C. The preschooler speaks in a nasally tone.
A nasally tone may suggest a speech issue such as a cleft palate or other resonance problems. If the child consistently exhibits this speech pattern, it could indicate a need for further evaluation by a speech therapist to determine the underlying cause and appropriate interventions.

D. The preschooler stutters when speaking.
Stuttering can be a significant speech concern that may require intervention. While some children experience normal disfluencies as they learn to speak, persistent stuttering that interferes with communication is a valid reason to refer the child for speech therapy.

E. The preschooler mispronounces words.
While mispronunciation can occur during language development, consistent or unusual mispronunciations beyond what is typical for the child’s age may indicate a speech sound disorder. If the mispronunciations affect the child's ability to communicate effectively, a referral to a speech therapist would be warranted for assessment and intervention.

A. Restrain the child physically. B. Ignore the temper tantrums. C. Distract the child by offering to play a game. D. Tell the child that temper tantrums are not acceptable

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Restrain the child physically: Physically restraining a toddler during a temper tantrum can escalate the situation and may lead to the child feeling scared or more frustrated. It's important to avoid physical force as it can be traumatic for the child and potentially harmful.

B. Ignore the temper tantrums: Ignoring temper tantrums might work in some situations, but it's not always the most effective strategy. Toddlers often tantrum to seek attention or express frustration, and ignoring them entirely may not address the underlying issue. Additionally, consistent ignoring can lead to feelings of abandonment or exacerbate the behavior.

C. Distract the child by offering to play a game: Distraction can be an effective technique for managing temper tantrums in toddlers. Offering to engage the child in a fun activity or game can redirect their focus away from the source of frustration, helping to de-escalate the situation and promote positive behavior.

D. Tell the child that temper tantrums are not acceptable: While it's important to set boundaries and teach appropriate behavior, telling a toddler that temper tantrums are not acceptable may not effectively address the immediate situation. Toddlers may not fully understand or be able to control their emotions, so simply telling them that tantrums are unacceptable without providing alternative coping strategies is unlikely to be effective.

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A nurse is providing health promotion teaching to the parents of an infant. Which of the following conditions should the nurse identify as the leading cause of death among this age group?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a preschooler. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse a need for speech therapy? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]

Explanation

A parent of a toddler asks a nurse at a well-child visit how the child's frequent temper tantrums can best be handled. Which of the following actions should the nurse suggest to the parent?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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