A nurse is providing health promotion teaching to the parents of an infant. Which of the following conditions should the nurse identify as the leading cause of death among this age group?

Congenital anomalies

Respiratory distress

Sudden infant death syndrome

Low birth weight

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Rationale:

A) Congenital anomalies: Congenital anomalies, also known as birth defects, are structural or functional abnormalities present at birth. They can affect any part of the body and may cause physical or developmental disabilities, as well as contribute to infant mortality. These anomalies can result from genetic factors, environmental exposures during pregnancy, or a combination of both. Preventive measures such as prenatal care, genetic counseling, and maternal health promotion play crucial roles in reducing the incidence and impact of congenital anomalies.

B) Respiratory distress: While respiratory distress can be a significant concern in newborns, especially those born prematurely or with certain medical conditions, it is not the leading cause of death among infants. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) occurs primarily in premature infants due to immature lung development and surfactant deficiency, requiring supportive care and sometimes mechanical ventilation to manage.

C) Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): SIDS is the sudden and unexplained death of an otherwise healthy infant, typically occurring during sleep. While SIDS is a devastating tragedy and a major public health concern, it is not the leading cause of death among infants. Strategies to reduce the risk of SIDS include placing infants on their backs to sleep, avoiding soft bedding and overheating, and promoting a safe sleep environment.

D) Low birth weight: Low birth weight, defined as a birth weight of less than 2,500 grams (5.5 pounds), is associated with an increased risk of neonatal complications and long-term health issues. While low birth weight infants may face various health challenges, including respiratory problems and developmental delays, low birth weight itself is not the leading cause of death among infants. Efforts to reduce low birth weight include prenatal care, nutrition support, and management of maternal risk factors such as smoking and substance abuse.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "You must be getting better. You look great!": This response could potentially be interpreted as positive reinforcement, but it carries the risk of making assumptions about the client's mental state solely based on their appearance. It implies that the client's improved grooming is solely due to their improvement in depression, which may not necessarily be the case. Additionally, it may inadvertently minimize the client's experience of depression by attributing their grooming to improvement rather than recognizing it as an achievement in itself.

B. "Everyone feels better after showering": This response generalizes the client's experience and minimizes the significance of their actions. It implies that grooming is merely a routine activity that everyone does and that feeling better is solely related to physical cleanliness. It fails to acknowledge the client's effort and positive behavior, which could be significant achievements for someone experiencing depression.

C. "Why are you all dressed up today? Is it a special occasion?": This response might put the client on the spot and make them feel uncomfortable or self-conscious about their appearance. It could also imply that there must be a specific reason for the client to take care of their grooming, rather than recognizing it as a positive step regardless of the reason. Additionally, it doesn't acknowledge the client's effort or provide validation for their behavior.

D. "I see you have done some grooming today.": This response acknowledges the client's effort and positive behavior without making assumptions or judgments about the client's mental state or improvement. It demonstrates observance and recognition of the client's actions, which can help build rapport and trust between the nurse and the client. Additionally, it opens the door for further conversation if the client wishes to discuss their grooming habits or how they are feeling.

A. Playing a game of chess with the client B. Giving the client choices of activities C. Encouraging decision-making D. Spending time sitting with the client

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Playing a game of chess with the client: While engaging in activities with the client can be therapeutic, it's essential to consider the client's preferences and level of interest. Some clients with severe depression may not have the motivation or energy to participate in activities like playing chess. Additionally, the focus should be on providing support and empathy rather than suggesting specific activities.

B. Giving the client choices of activities: Offering choices of activities can empower the client and promote autonomy, which is beneficial. However, individuals with severe depression may struggle with decision-making and may feel overwhelmed by choices. Therefore, while offering choices can be therapeutic, it's essential to provide support and guidance in decision-making if needed.

C. Encouraging decision-making: Encouraging decision-making can be beneficial for clients with depression as it promotes a sense of control and self-efficacy. However, individuals with severe depression may find decision-making challenging due to feelings of hopelessness or low energy levels. Therefore, while encouraging decision-making, it's essential to provide support and assistance as needed.

D. Spending time sitting with the client: This is the most therapeutic approach listed. Spending time with the client provides emotional support, companionship, and a nonjudgmental presence, which can be invaluable for someone experiencing severe depression. Simply being present and available to listen without pressure to talk or engage in activities can convey empathy and understanding, fostering a therapeutic nurse-client relationship.

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A nurse is providing health promotion teaching to the parents of an infant. Which of the following conditions should the nurse identify as the leading cause of death among this age group?

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