A nurse is providing medication education to a patient newly prescribed ethambutol for tuberculosis (TB) treatment. The nurse should instruct the patient to report which of the following side effects immediately?
Blurred vision or difficulty distinguishing red from green
Increased thirst and frequent urination
Nausea and vomiting
Tingling sensations in the hands and feet
The Correct Answer is A
A. Blurred vision or difficulty distinguishing red from green: Ethambutol can cause optic neuritis, which may lead to vision changes, including blurred vision and difficulty distinguishing red from green. These symptoms should be reported immediately, as discontinuing the medication may be necessary to prevent permanent damage.
B. Increased thirst and frequent urination: These symptoms are more indicative of hyperglycemia or diabetes mellitus rather than a known adverse effect of ethambutol.
C. Nausea and vomiting: While nausea and vomiting are potential side effects of ethambutol, they are not as urgent as vision changes and do not typically require immediate medical attention.
D. Tingling sensations in the hands and feet: Peripheral neuropathy is more commonly associated with isoniazid rather than ethambutol.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Infection. Infection is a major concern in burn patients due to loss of skin integrity, but airway compromise is the most immediate life-threatening risk.
B. Paralytic ileus. Burn patients may develop paralytic ileus due to stress response and fluid shifts, but this is not the highest priority compared to airway obstruction.
C. Airway obstruction. Burns involving the face, neck, and chest increase the risk of airway swelling and obstruction. The nurse should assess for signs of respiratory distress, stridor, or hoarseness and be prepared for early intubation if needed.
D. Fluid imbalance. Fluid shifts can cause hypovolemia and shock, making fluid resuscitation critical. However, airway management remains the highest priority, especially in burns affecting the upper airway.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Weigh the patient daily to monitor fluid balance. Daily weights are useful for tracking fluid shifts but are not the priority in the acute phase of burn management.
B. Monitor urine output to ensure at least 30 mL/hr. Urine output is a key indicator of adequate fluid resuscitation. A minimum of 30 mL/hr ensures proper kidney perfusion and prevents hypovolemia or fluid overload.
C. Assess for signs of fluid deficit such as lung crackles and engorged neck veins. Crackles and neck vein distension indicate fluid overload, not deficit. While monitoring for overload is important, urine output is the best immediate indicator of effective fluid resuscitation.
D. Administer only colloid solutions within the first 8 hours post-burn. Crystalloids (e.g., Lactated Ringer’s) are the primary fluids used in the first 24 hours post-burn. Colloids are typically introduced later.
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