A nurse is providing preventive education to a client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements made by the client indicates they understand proper foot care?

"I should use a heating pad when my feet are cold."

"I should plan to remain barefoot while I am at home."

"I should apply lotion between my toes twice a day."

"I should file the edges of my toenails after trimming them."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. "I should use a heating pad when my feet are cold.": Clients with diabetes mellitus may have reduced sensation due to peripheral neuropathy. Using a heating pad increases the risk of burns or injury due to the inability to perceive excessive heat.

B. "I should plan to remain barefoot while I am at home.": Walking barefoot increases the risk of foot injuries, which can lead to infections and complications such as diabetic ulcers. Clients should always wear well-fitting shoes, even at home, to protect their feet.

C. "I should apply lotion between my toes twice a day.": Moisturizing the feet is important to prevent dryness and cracking, but applying lotion between the toes can create excess moisture, increasing the risk of fungal infections.

D. "I should file the edges of my toenails after trimming them.": Filing the edges helps smooth sharp corners, reducing the risk of ingrown toenails and foot injuries, which can be difficult to heal in individuals with diabetes.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Apply an ice pack to the client's knee: Ice application helps reduce pain and inflammation by decreasing swelling around the surgical site. Cold therapy also numbs nerve endings, providing pain relief for clients after knee arthroplasty.

B. Place pillows under the client's knee: Elevating the knee with pillows can promote flexion contractures and is generally avoided after knee arthroplasty. Instead, the leg should be kept extended and supported to encourage proper alignment and prevent complications.

C. Perform range-of-motion exercises to the client's knee: While range-of-motion exercises are important for rehabilitation, they should be done at scheduled times and not during episodes of acute pain, as they could exacerbate discomfort.

D. Gently massage the area around the client's incision: Massaging near the incision site is not recommended, as it could disrupt healing tissue, increase pain, and pose a risk of infection.

A. Flushed cheeks B. Severe headaches C. Low-grade fever D. Dry cough

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Flushed cheeks: Tuberculosis typically presents with systemic symptoms such as fever, night sweats, and weight loss rather than flushed cheeks. Flushing is more commonly associated with fever spikes in other infections or conditions like menopause.

B. Severe headaches: Tuberculosis can cause headaches if it leads to tuberculous meningitis, but this is not a common initial symptom of pulmonary tuberculosis. Headaches are not a hallmark feature of active TB infection.

C. Low-grade fever: A persistent low-grade fever, particularly in the afternoon or evening, is a common symptom of tuberculosis. It is often accompanied by night sweats and weight loss due to the chronic inflammatory response.

D. Dry cough: The cough associated with tuberculosis is usually productive with purulent or blood-tinged sputum rather than dry. The infection causes lung tissue destruction, leading to a persistent cough with mucus production.

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A nurse is providing preventive education to a client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements made by the client indicates they understand proper foot care?

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