A nurse is providing preventive education to a client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements made by the client indicates they understand proper foot care?
"I should use a heating pad when my feet are cold."
"I should plan to remain barefoot while I am at home."
"I should apply lotion between my toes twice a day."
"I should file the edges of my toenails after trimming them."
The Correct Answer is D
A. "I should use a heating pad when my feet are cold.": Clients with diabetes mellitus may have reduced sensation due to peripheral neuropathy. Using a heating pad increases the risk of burns or injury due to the inability to perceive excessive heat.
B. "I should plan to remain barefoot while I am at home.": Walking barefoot increases the risk of foot injuries, which can lead to infections and complications such as diabetic ulcers. Clients should always wear well-fitting shoes, even at home, to protect their feet.
C. "I should apply lotion between my toes twice a day.": Moisturizing the feet is important to prevent dryness and cracking, but applying lotion between the toes can create excess moisture, increasing the risk of fungal infections.
D. "I should file the edges of my toenails after trimming them.": Filing the edges helps smooth sharp corners, reducing the risk of ingrown toenails and foot injuries, which can be difficult to heal in individuals with diabetes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Genital herpes: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a common sexually transmitted infection, but it is not a nationally notifiable disease. Reporting is not mandatory in most jurisdictions, although counseling and partner notification are recommended.
B. Varicella zoster: Chickenpox (primary varicella infection) is reportable in some states, but herpes zoster (shingles) is generally not required to be reported. However, outbreaks in certain settings, such as schools or healthcare facilities, may need notification.
C. Tuberculosis: Tuberculosis is a highly contagious airborne disease that requires mandatory reporting to public health authorities. Reporting ensures contact tracing, outbreak control, and public health interventions to prevent further transmission.
D. Clostridium difficile: While Clostridium difficile infections are of significant concern in healthcare settings, they are not universally reportable to the local health department. Infection control measures are implemented within facilities, but routine reporting is not always required.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Increased body hair: Adrenal insufficiency leads to decreased androgen production, which may cause hair thinning rather than increased body hair. Hypertrichosis (excessive hair growth) is not a typical finding in adrenal insufficiency.
B. Decreased blood urea nitrogen level: Adrenal insufficiency is often associated with dehydration due to aldosterone deficiency, leading to reduced sodium retention and increased fluid loss. This can result in elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels rather than a decrease.
C. Hyperpigmentation of the skin: Increased melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) activity, triggered by elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels, causes darkening of the skin, especially in sun-exposed areas, skin folds, and mucous membranes. This is a hallmark feature of primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease).
D. Hypocalcemia: Adrenal insufficiency is more commonly associated with hypercalcemia rather than hypocalcemia. Decreased cortisol levels can lead to reduced renal calcium excretion, contributing to elevated serum calcium levels.
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