A nurse is providing teaching about the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet to a client who has hypertension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
"Consume foods that are high in calcium."
"Increase intake of refined carbohydrates."
"Consume ten percent of total calories from saturated fat."
"Limit sodium intake to 3,200 milligrams per day."
The Correct Answer is A
Answer: A
Rationale:
A. Consume foods that are high in calcium: The DASH diet emphasizes the consumption of foods rich in calcium, as well as potassium and magnesium. Adequate calcium intake is important for managing hypertension, making this a key component of the diet.
B. Increase intake of refined carbohydrates: The DASH diet recommends reducing refined carbohydrates and focusing on whole grains. Refined carbohydrates can contribute to weight gain and adversely affect blood pressure, so increasing their intake is not advised.
C. Consume ten percent of total calories from saturated fat: The DASH diet suggests limiting saturated fat to less than 6-7% of total daily calories. Consuming ten percent of total calories from saturated fat exceeds the recommended amount and is not consistent with DASH guidelines.
D. Limit sodium intake to 3,200 milligrams per day: The DASH diet recommends limiting sodium intake to 1,500 milligrams per day, not 3,200 milligrams. Reducing sodium intake is crucial for controlling blood pressure and aligning with DASH diet principles.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A) 2+ deep tendon reflexes: Deep tendon reflexes are graded on a scale from 0 to 4+, with 2+ indicating normal reflexes. While normal deep tendon reflexes are a positive finding, they do not specifically indicate the effectiveness of treatment for hypernatremia.
B) Urine output 25 mL/hr: Adequate urine output is important for renal function and fluid balance; however, a urine output of 25 mL/hr may be insufficient depending on the client's fluid status and the extent of hypernatremia. This finding alone does not confirm the effectiveness of treatment for hypernatremia.
C) Fatigue: Fatigue is a nonspecific symptom and may not directly reflect the effectiveness of treatment for hypernatremia. While addressing hypernatremia may improve overall well-being and energy levels, fatigue alone is not a definitive indicator of treatment effectiveness.
D) Firm grip bilaterally: This finding indicates normal muscle strength and neuromuscular function, which can be affected by hypernatremia. In hypernatremia, high sodium levels in the blood can lead to neurologic symptoms such as muscle weakness or altered mental status. A firm grip bilaterally suggests that the client's neuromuscular function has returned to baseline, indicating the effectiveness of treatment in correcting the electrolyte imbalance.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A) Oliguria, or decreased urine output, is a sign of fluid volume deficit rather than an indication that the treatment has been effective. In a client with fluid volume deficit, the kidneys conserve water to maintain fluid balance, leading to decreased urine output.
B) Elastic skin turgor is a reliable indicator of hydration status. When a client's fluid volume deficit is improving, their skin turgor returns to normal. Elastic skin turgor means that the skin quickly returns to its normal position after being pinched and released, indicating adequate hydration.
C) Tachycardia, or an increased heart rate, is a compensatory mechanism that the body uses to maintain cardiac output in response to fluid volume deficit. While tachycardia may initially be present in a client with fluid volume deficit, it is not an indication that treatment has been effective.
D) Dry mucous membranes are a manifestation of dehydration and fluid volume deficit. Moist mucous membranes indicate hydration status, and their dryness suggests dehydration. Dry mucous membranes are not indicative of effective treatment for fluid volume deficit.
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