A nurse is providing teaching about the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet to a client who has hypertension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Limit sodium intake to 3,200 milligrams per day.
Increase intake of refined carbohydrates.
Consume foods that are high in calcium.
Consume ten percent of total calories from saturated fat.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: The standard DASH diet limits sodium intake to 2,300 milligrams per day, which is about the amount of sodium in 1 teaspoon of table salt¹. A lower sodium version of DASH restricts sodium to 1,500 milligrams per day, which may lower blood pressure even further¹. Therefore, limiting sodium intake to 3,200 milligrams per day is not consistent with the DASH diet.
Choice B reason: The DASH diet recommends eating fewer refined carbohydrates and less sugar, as they can increase blood pressure and cholesterol levels². Instead, the DASH diet emphasizes eating more whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, which are rich in fiber, potassium, calcium, and magnesium².
Choice C reason: The DASH diet encourages consuming foods that are high in calcium, such as fat-free or low-fat dairy products, fish, beans, and nuts¹. Calcium is a mineral that helps regulate blood pressure and supports bone health³. Studies have shown that increasing calcium intake can lower blood pressure in people with hypertension³.
Choice D reason: The DASH diet advises limiting foods that are high in saturated fat, such as fatty meats, full-fat dairy products, and tropical oils such as coconut, palm kernel, and palm oils¹. Saturated fat can raise blood pressure and cholesterol levels, which can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke. The DASH diet recommends consuming no more than six percent of total calories from saturated fat¹.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Decreased fat intake is not a barrier to wound healing, as long as the client meets the recommended daily intake of essential fatty acids. Fat is important for cell membrane integrity, inflammation, and immune function. However, excessive fat intake can increase the risk of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, which can impair wound healing.
Choice B reason: Decreased vitamin C intake is a barrier to wound healing, as vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis, wound repair, and antioxidant activity. Vitamin C deficiency can lead to impaired wound healing, increased susceptibility to infection, and scurvy. The nurse should encourage the client to consume foods rich in vitamin C, such as citrus fruits, berries, peppers, broccoli, and tomatoes.
Choice C reason: Increased protein intake is not a barrier to wound healing, but rather a facilitator of wound healing, as protein is necessary for tissue growth, repair, and maintenance. Protein deficiency can result in delayed wound healing, increased risk of infection, and loss of lean body mass. The nurse should advise the client to consume adequate amounts of high-quality protein, such as eggs, milk, cheese, meat, fish, poultry, soy, and nuts.
Choice D reason: Increased caloric intake is not a barrier to wound healing, but rather a facilitator of wound healing, as calories provide energy for wound healing processes. Caloric deficiency can lead to malnutrition, weight loss, and impaired wound healing. The nurse should ensure that the client meets their caloric needs based on their age, weight, activity level, and wound severity.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Changing the feeding to a continuous infusion may not improve the constipation, as it does not address the fluid deficit or the fiber content of the formula. Continuous infusion may also increase the risk of aspiration, diarrhea, and bacterial contamination¹.
Choice B reason: Increasing the amount of free water can help prevent or treat constipation by hydrating the stool and facilitating its passage. The client's fluid intake and output indicate a fluid deficit, which can contribute to constipation. The recommended fluid intake for adults is 30 to 35 mL/kg/day².
Choice C reason: Decreasing the infusion rate of feeding may worsen the constipation, as it reduces the caloric and fluid intake of the client. The infusion rate should be based on the client's nutritional needs and tolerance¹.
Choice D reason: Requesting a prescription for a diuretic is not appropriate, as it would further dehydrate the client and aggravate the constipation. Diuretics are indicated for clients with fluid overload, not fluid deficit³.
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