A nurse is providing teaching about the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet to a client who has hypertension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
"Consume ten percent of total calories from saturated fat."
"Increase intake of refined carbohydrates."
"Limit sodium intake to 3,200 milligrams per day."
"Consume foods that are high in calcium."
The Correct Answer is D
The DASH diet is a dietary approach specifically designed to lower blood pressure. It emphasizes consuming foods that are rich in nutrients like potassium, calcium, and magnesium, while reducing the intake of saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium. Calcium-rich foods are an important component of the DASH diet as they have been shown to have a beneficial effect on blood pressure. Good sources of dietary calcium include low-fat dairy products, fortified
plant-based milk, leafy green vegetables, and calcium-fortified foods.
"Consume ten percent of total calories from saturated fat": The DASH diet recommends reducing the intake of saturated fat to improve heart health. The goal is to consume no more than 6% of total calories from saturated fat. Saturated fats are typically found in animal products, such as fatty cuts of meat, full-fat dairy products, and tropical oils like coconut and palm oil.
"Increase intake of refined carbohydrates": The DASH diet encourages the consumption of whole grains rather than refined carbohydrates. Whole grains are rich in fiber and other nutrients, which can help lower blood pressure. Refined carbohydrates, on the other hand, can lead to spikes in blood sugar levels and are generally less nutritious.
"Limit sodium intake to 3,200 milligrams per day": The DASH diet recommends reducing sodium intake to 2,300 milligrams per day or less. For individuals with hypertension or at risk for hypertension, including many clients with hypertension, further lowering sodium intake to 1,500 milligrams per day may be advised. Reducing sodium intake is important for blood pressure management.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The instruction that the nurse should include for a client with Parkinson's disease prescribed a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) is as follows: "Avoid aged cheeses while taking this medication."
MAOIs are a class of medications used to treat Parkinson's disease by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain. However, they can interact with certain foods and beverages, leading to potentially dangerous side effects.
The interaction between MAOIs and aged cheeses is due to the presence of tyramine, a substance that can cause a sudden and dangerous increase in blood pressure known as a hypertensive crisis. Aged cheeses, such as cheddar, blue cheese, and feta, contain high levels of tyramine, and consuming them while taking an MAOI can lead to this hypertensive crisis.
The other options listed in the question are not directly related to the use of MAOIs in Parkinson's disease:
Eating grapefruit is typically contraindicated with certain medications, but it is not specifically relevant to MAOIs or Parkinson's disease.
Maintaining a low-protein diet is not a standard recommendation for individuals taking MAOIs or Parkinson's disease unless specifically advised by the healthcare provider.
Reducing the intake of high-calorie foods is a general recommendation for overall health and weight management but is not specifically related to the use of MAOIs or Parkinson's disease.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Muscle weakness is a finding that indicates the client is experiencing water intoxication. Muscle weakness is a symptom of water intoxication because the excessive intake of water dilutes the sodium levels in the blood, causing hyponatremia. Sodium is an electrolyte that helps maintain the balance of fluids in and around cells and also regulates muscle contraction. When sodium levels are too low, the cells swell and the muscles lose their ability to function properly.
Weak pulses are not a specific finding for water intoxication, as they can be caused by other factors such as decreased blood volume or inadequate cardiac output.
Hypernatremia is the opposite of hyponatremia, meaning high sodium levels in the blood. This can occur due to dehydration, excessive salt intake, or certain medical conditions, but not water intoxication.
Exaggerated reflexes are not typically associated with water intoxication. They may be seen in conditions such as hyperreflexia or certain neurological disorders.
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