A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should recognize that the client understands the teaching when he identifies which of the following as manifestations of hypoglycemia? (Select all that apply.)

Polydipsia

Shaking

Confusion

Tachycardia

Polyuria

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C

Choice A reason: This is incorrect. Polydipsia is excessive thirst, which is a symptom of hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), not hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). People with hyperglycemia lose fluid through frequent urination and become dehydrated, which makes them thirsty.

Choice B reason: This is correct. Shaking is a common sign of hypoglycemia. It occurs because the body releases adrenaline and other hormones to raise blood sugar levels. Adrenaline causes the muscles to tremble or shake.

Choice C reason: This is correct. Confusion is another common sign of hypoglycemia. It occurs because the brain does not get enough glucose, which is its main source of energy. Low blood sugar can impair cognitive functions, such as memory, attention, and judgment.

Choice D reason: This is incorrect. Tachycardia is a rapid heart rate, which can be a symptom of both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. However, it is not a specific or reliable indicator of low blood sugar, as it can also be caused by other factors, such as stress, anxiety, caffeine, or medication.

Choice E reason: This is incorrect. Polyuria is excessive urination, which is another symptom of hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia. People with hyperglycemia have high levels of glucose in their blood, which draws water from the cells and increases urine output.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Allergy is an immune mediated reaction to a substance that causes symptoms such as rash, itching, swelling, or anaphylaxis. It is not related to the duration or effectiveness of the medication. The patient does not report any signs of allergy to the opioids.

Choice B reason: Addiction is a chronic and compulsive disorder that involves seeking and using a substance despite harmful consequences. It is characterized by loss of control, craving, and impaired functioning. The patient does not show any signs of addiction to the opioids, such as increasing the dose, obtaining the medication illegally, or neglecting other responsibilities.

Choice C reason: Withdrawal is a syndrome that occurs when a substance is abruptly discontinued or reduced after prolonged use. It causes physical and psychological symptoms such as anxiety, agitation, sweating, nausea, or tremors. The patient does not experience any signs of withdrawal from the opioids, as they are still taking the medication as prescribed.

Choice D reason: Tolerance is a phenomenon that occurs when a substance loses its effectiveness over time due to repeated exposure. It requires higher doses or more frequent administration to achieve the same effect. The patient reports a sign of tolerance to the opioids, as they feel that the medication does not work as well anymore. The nurse should assess the patient's pain level, monitor the opioid dose, and consult with the prescriber about possible adjustments or alternatives.

A. Past medical history of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) B. Blood pressure of 132/82 C. Allergy to corn D. Past medical history of gout

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Past medical history of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is not a contraindication or a concern for administering Reglan, which is a medication that stimulates the motility of the upper gastrointestinal tract and treats nausea, heartburn, and gastroparesis¹. Reglan does not affect the prostate or urinary function.

Choice B reason: Blood pressure of 132/82 is slightly above the normal range of 120/80, but it is not a cause for concern or a reason to withhold Reglan. Reglan can lower the blood pressure by reducing the fluid volume and preventing sodium retention¹. The nurse should monitor the blood pressure regularly, but does not need to notify the health care provider about this finding.

Choice C reason: Allergy to corn is a concern for administering Reglan, as some formulations of Reglan may contain corn starch as an inactive ingredient. Corn starch can trigger an allergic reaction in people who are sensitive to corn, causing symptoms such as rash, itching, swelling, or anaphylaxis. The nurse should check the label of the Reglan product and avoid using it if it contains corn starch. The nurse should also notify the health care provider and the pharmacy about the patient's allergy and request an alternative medication or formulation.

Choice D reason: Past medical history of gout is not a contraindication or a concern for administering Reglan, which is a medication that stimulates the motility of the upper gastrointestinal tract and treats nausea, heartburn, and gastroparesis¹. Reglan does not affect the uric acid levels or the joints.

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A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should recognize that the client understands the teaching when he identifies which of the following as manifestations of hypoglycemia? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient who has been taking opioids for several weeks tells the nurse, "The medication doesn't seem to work as well anymore." The nurse recognizes this as a sign of:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse is preparing to administer Reglan to a patient. She is most concerned by the following information in the patient's medical record?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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