A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"I will have ketones in my urine if my blood glucose is maintained at 190 milligrams per deciliter."
"I will keep my blood glucose levels between 200 and 212 milligrams per deciliter."
"I will keep my HbA1c at five percent."
"Albumin in my urine is an indication of normal kidney function."
The Correct Answer is A
In type 1 diabetes mellitus, when blood glucose levels are consistently high, the body may start breaking down fat for energy, leading to the production of ketones. Ketones can be detected in urine as a result. A blood glucose level of 190 milligrams per deciliter is elevated and can potentially trigger the production of ketones. Monitoring urine for ketones can be an important indicator of diabetes management and helps identify potential complications.
The other statements by the client indicate a lack of understanding or potential misconceptions:
● "I will keep my blood glucose levels between 200 and 212 milligrams per deciliter": This statement suggests a target range that is higher than the recommended target blood glucose levels for individuals with diabetes. Generally, the target range for blood glucose levels in individuals with diabetes is lower, typically between 80-130 mg/dL before meals and below 180 mg/dL after meals.
● "Albumin in my urine is an indication of normal kidney function": This statement is incorrect. The presence of albumin in the urine, called albuminuria, is an indication of kidney damage or dysfunction. It is a common sign of kidney disease, including diabetic nephropathy, which is a complication of diabetes affecting the kidneys.
● "I will keep my HbA1c at five percent": While maintaining a lower HbA1c level is generally desirable for individuals with diabetes, a target of five percent is too low. HbA1c is a measure of average blood glucose levels over the past two to three months. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends an HbA1c target of less than 7 percent for most adults with diabetes, although individualized targets may vary based on factors such as age and other health conditions.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Check for gastric residual: Gastric residual refers to the volume of formula or contents in the stomach before the next feeding. Checking for gastric residual helps determine if the client is tolerating the feeding properly. If the gastric residual is high, it may indicate delayed gastric emptying or intolerance to the feeding, which can lead to cramping and abdominal distention. The nurse can assess the gastric residual volume and consult with the healthcare provider to determine the appropriate course of action.
Apply low intermittent suction: Applying low intermittent suction is not typically indicated for a client receiving a continuous enteral tube feeding. Suction is more commonly used for clients who have an aspiration risk or need intermittent gastric decompression. In the given scenario, the client is experiencing cramping and abdominal distention, which may require a different approach.
Request a higher-fat formula: Requesting a higher-fat formula may not be the appropriate action at this time. High-fat formulas can contribute to gastrointestinal issues such as increased risk of diarrhea or malabsorption. It is important to assess the client's tolerance to the current formula before considering changes.
Increase the rate of the feeding: Increasing the rate of the feeding may worsen the client's symptoms. Rapid administration of enteral feedings can overwhelm the gastrointestinal system and lead to complications such as cramping, distention, and diarrhea. It is generally recommended to start at a low rate and gradually increase it based on the client's tolerance.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The expected finding in an older adult client with dysphagia and dehydration is tachycardia. Tachycardia, an increased heart rate, is a common finding in dehydration as the body tries to compensate for the decreased fluid volume.
The other choices (hypertension, distended neck veins, and decreased respiratory rate) are not typically associated with dehydration in this context.
here's an explanation of why these choices are incorrect:
1. Hypertension: Dehydration usually leads to a decrease in blood volume, resulting in low blood pressure rather than hypertension. Hypertension is not a typical finding in dehydration.
2. Distended neck veins: Dehydration causes a decrease in blood volume, which results in decreased venous return to the heart. Consequently, distended neck veins would not be an expected finding.
3. Decreased respiratory rate: Dehydration itself does not directly affect respiratory rate. However, severe dehydration can lead to electrolyte imbalances, such as hyponatremia (low sodium levels), which can affect brain function and potentially lead to changes in respiratory rate. However, decreased respiratory rate is not a common finding in dehydration alone.
It's important to remember that dehydration can have various signs and symptoms, including dry mucous membranes, decreased urine output, increased thirst, dry skin, dizziness, and confusion.
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