A nurse is providing teaching to a group about autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Which of the following statements regarding conditions commonly accompanying ASD should the nurse include?
"Most individuals with ASD are also diagnosed with Down syndrome, another developmental disorder."
"Hypertension is a common co-morbid condition with ASD due to the stress associated with the disorder."
"Often those with ASD also have sensory processing issues, which can affect their responses to certain textures, sounds, or lights."
“Type 1 diabetes is a condition that is frequently found in conjunction with ASD."
The Correct Answer is C
A. "Most individuals with ASD are also diagnosed with Down syndrome, another developmental disorder.": Down syndrome is a separate genetic condition and is not commonly co-occurring with autism spectrum disorder. While comorbidities can exist, this is rare.
B. "Hypertension is a common co-morbid condition with ASD due to the stress associated with the disorder.": Hypertension is not typically associated with ASD in children. Stress may affect behavior, but it does not make hypertension a common comorbidity in this population.
C. "Often those with ASD also have sensory processing issues, which can affect their responses to certain textures, sounds, or lights.": Sensory processing differences are highly prevalent in individuals with ASD. These issues can manifest as hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity to sensory stimuli and are an important consideration in therapy, education, and daily care.
D. “Type 1 diabetes is a condition that is frequently found in conjunction with ASD.": Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition that is not commonly associated with ASD. There is no established frequent co-occurrence between the two conditions.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Blurred vision in one eye and clear vision in the other: This describes unilateral visual impairment rather than complete blindness. Complete blindness involves absence of vision in both eyes.
B. The inability to see objects or any light source: Complete blindness is defined as no perception of light or visual stimuli in either eye. This accurately reflects total loss of visual function.
C. A bilateral visual acuity of 20/20: This represents normal vision and is not consistent with any degree of visual impairment or blindness.
D. A bilateral visual acuity of 20/200 with contact lenses: A visual acuity of 20/200 meets criteria for legal blindness, not complete blindness. Individuals with legal blindness may still perceive light or shapes.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. High levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): Spina bifida is a neural tube defect involving incomplete closure of the vertebral column rather than abnormal CSF production. Elevated CSF levels are not a defining feature and are not used as a screening indicator. CSF abnormalities are more relevant to hydrocephalus assessment.
B. Increased intracranial pressure (ICP): Elevated ICP may occur secondary to associated conditions such as hydrocephalus, but it is not an initial or direct sign of spina bifida. The defect itself is identified by spinal and cutaneous findings. ICP changes develop later if complications arise.
C. Indications of infection: Infection is a potential complication if neural tissue is exposed, but it is not an initial indicator prompting suspicion of spina bifida. Early recognition relies on visible spinal or skin markers. Infection suggests a secondary problem rather than the congenital defect.
D. Presence of a small dimple and a tuft of hair over the lower lumbar region: Cutaneous stigmata such as a sacral dimple, hair tuft, or discoloration are classic indicators of underlying spinal dysraphism. These findings warrant further evaluation for spina bifida occulta. They are key clues during newborn and infant assessment.
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