A nurse is providing teaching to a group of clients about risk factors for ovarian cancer. Which of the following risk factors should the nurse include? (Select all that apply)
Nulliparity
History of breastfeeding
Previous use of oral contraceptives
History of breast cancer
Use of postmenopausal estrogen
Correct Answer : A,D,E
A. Nulliparity: Correct. Nulliparity, or never having been pregnant, is a known risk factor for ovarian cancer. Women who have never given birth have a higher risk of developing ovarian cancer compared to those who have had one or more children.
B. History of breastfeeding: Incorrect. Breastfeeding is generally associated with a decreased risk of ovarian cancer. It is thought to reduce the number of lifetime ovulatory cycles, thereby potentially lowering the risk.
C. Previous use of oral contraceptives: Incorrect. The use of oral contraceptives is associated with a reduced risk of ovarian cancer. Long-term use can significantly decrease the risk, and the protective effect may continue for years after discontinuation.
D. History of breast cancer: Correct. A history of breast cancer is a risk factor for ovarian cancer, particularly in women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations. These mutations increase the risk of both breast and ovarian cancers.
E. Use of postmenopausal estrogen: Correct. The use of postmenopausal estrogen, especially when used without progesterone, is associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer. Estrogen therapy can stimulate the growth of ovarian tumors in susceptible women.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Respiratory rate 11/min: Correct. A respiratory rate of 11/min is below the normal range and could indicate magnesium sulfate toxicity, which can depress respiratory function. This finding requires prompt reporting to prevent further complications.
B. Deep tendon reflexes 2+: Incorrect. Deep tendon reflexes of 2+ are within the normal range and are not indicative of magnesium sulfate toxicity. Normal reflexes suggest that the magnesium level is likely within the therapeutic range.
C. Urine output 30 mL/hr: Incorrect. While urine output should be monitored in clients receiving magnesium sulfate, 30 mL/hr is on the lower end of normal but not necessarily an immediate cause for concern unless it is persistently low or accompanied by other symptoms.
D. Blood pressure 100/62 mm Hg: Incorrect. This blood pressure reading is within the acceptable range for a pregnant client on magnesium sulfate. Magnesium sulfate is used to prevent seizures and does not typically affect blood pressure in this manner.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Elevate the client's legs to a 30° angle: Incorrect. Elevating the legs is supportive but does not address the immediate cause of postpartum bleeding.
B. Insert an indwelling urinary catheter: Incorrect. While monitoring urine output is important, this action does not directly address the cause of excessive vaginal bleeding.
C. Massage the client's fundus: Correct. If the fundus is soft or boggy, massaging it can help stimulate uterine contraction and reduce bleeding. This is the most immediate action to manage postpartum hemorrhage.
D. Initiate an infusion of oxytocin: Incorrect. Administering oxytocin can be necessary if fundal massage alone is insufficient, but assessing and massaging the fundus should be the first step in the management of postpartum bleeding.
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