A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has a new diagnosis of gastroesophageal disease (GERD). Which of the following foods should the nurse include in the list of foods the client should avoid?

Oatmeal

Non fat milk

Chocolate

Apples

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Oatmeal: Oatmeal is often considered a bland and low-acid food that can be soothing for individuals with GERD. It's generally not a trigger for GERD symptoms and can be included in the diet of someone with this condition.

B. Non-fat milk: Non-fat milk and other low-fat dairy products are often recommended for individuals with GERD. However, individual tolerance varies, and some people might find that milk triggers their symptoms. It's best for the patient to monitor their own reactions to dairy products.

C. Chocolate: Chocolate is known to relax the lower esophageal sphincter, allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus. For many people with GERD, chocolate can exacerbate symptoms and is typically advised to be avoided.

D. Apples: Apples are generally considered a safe and healthy food for individuals with GERD. However, some people may find that raw apples trigger their symptoms due to their natural acidity. Cooking or baking apples can often make them more tolerable for people with GERD.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Keep the head of the bed elevated at 15 degrees.

This is not sufficient for preventing aspiration and ensuring proper digestion. The head of the bed should be elevated at least 30 degrees to reduce the risk of aspiration and promote better digestion of enteral feedings.

B. Place enough formula in the feeding bag to last for 8 hr of continuous feeding: It is recommended to change the feeding formula and bag every 24 hours. Placing formula for an extended period can increase the risk of bacterial growth.

C. Flush the tube with 30 ml of water every 4 hr: Regular flushing of the tube helps maintain patency, prevents clogging, and ensures proper hydration. Flushing every 4 hours is a standard practice for continuous feeding.

D. Change the feeding bag and tubing every 72 hr: Feeding bags and tubing should be changed more frequently, typically every 24 hours, to reduce the risk of infection.

A. Troponin B. Albumin C. D-dimer D. Creatinine

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Troponin:
Troponin is a protein found in the heart muscle. Elevated levels of troponin in the blood indicate damage to the heart, often due to a heart attack or other cardiac issues. This marker is crucial in diagnosing heart-related problems.

B. Albumin:
Albumin is a protein produced by the liver and is essential for maintaining blood volume and regulating fluid balance. It also helps transport various substances in the blood. Low levels of albumin are indicative of malnutrition, liver disease, or kidney disorders.

C. D-dimer:
D-dimer is a substance in the blood that is released when a blood clot breaks up. Elevated levels of D-dimer can indicate the presence of an abnormal blood clot, but it is not specific to malnutrition. It is often used in diagnosing conditions like deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE).

D. Creatinine:
Creatinine is a waste product produced by the muscles and excreted by the kidneys. Creatinine levels in the blood can indicate how well the kidneys are functioning. Elevated levels can suggest kidney damage or other kidney-related issues but are not directly related to malnutrition.

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A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has a new diagnosis of gastroesophageal disease (GERD). Which of the following foods should the nurse include in the list of foods the client should avoid?

Nursing Test Bank

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Explanation

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