A nurse is reinforcing teaching about ostomy care with a client who has a new colostomy. Which of the following findings should the nurse instruct the client to report to the provider?

Soft, unformed stools

Purplish stoma

Noticeable stool odor

Slight bleeding around the stoma

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. "Soft, unformed stools.": This can be expected, depending on the location of the colostomy.
B. "Purplish stoma." A purplish stoma suggests compromised blood flow, which is a medical emergency.
C. "Noticeable stool odor.": Odor is normal with colostomies unless accompanied by infection or other symptoms.
D. "Slight bleeding around the stoma.": Minimal bleeding during cleaning is common and expected initially.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "Encourage three large meals daily.": Smaller, more frequent meals are often better tolerated, especially if the client has nausea or anorexia.
B. "Season foods with spices.": Spices might irritate the gastrointestinal tract, particularly if mucosal lesions are present.
C. "Provide a high-calorie diet.": Clients with AIDS often have increased energy needs due to hypermetabolism and malnutrition; a high-calorie diet helps maintain weight and energy levels.
D. "Administer an antiemetic after each meal.": Antiemetics should be administered before meals to prevent nausea and improve food intake.

A. "I can decrease my risk for a stroke by losing excess weight." B. "My risk for a stroke increases if my HbA1c level is 5 percent or less." C. "Having a total cholesterol level below 200 mg/dL increases my risk for a stroke." D. "My provider might prescribe a glucocorticoid regimen to decrease my risk for a stroke."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "I can decrease my risk for a stroke by losing excess weight.": Excess weight is a modifiable risk factor for stroke, and losing weight can improve glycemic control, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels, reducing stroke risk.
B. "My risk for a stroke increases if my HbA1c level is 5 percent or less.": An HbA1c level of 5% is excellent and indicates good glycemic control, which reduces stroke risk.
C. "Having a total cholesterol level below 200 mg/dL increases my risk for a stroke.": A cholesterol level below 200 mg/dL is desirable and lowers the risk of cardiovascular events, including stroke.
D. "My provider might prescribe a glucocorticoid regimen to decrease my risk for a stroke.": Glucocorticoids are not used to reduce stroke risk; they can actually increase blood sugar and cardiovascular risk if used long-term.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching about ostomy care with a client who has a new colostomy. Which of the following findings should the nurse instruct the client to report to the provider?

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