A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about how to perform a breast self exam (BSE). The nurse should identify which of the following findings as an indication of breast cancer?

Lumps that are mobile and tender upon palpation prior to a menstrual period.

Multiple round masses that are tender and found in both breasts

Bilaterally darkened areolas

A nontender hard lump that is palpated in one breast

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: This is a normal finding, not an indication of breast cancer. Lumps that are mobile and tender upon palpation prior to a menstrual period are usually benign and related to hormonal changes.

Choice B reason: This is a normal finding, not an indication of breast cancer. Multiple round masses that are tender and found in both breasts are usually benign and related to fibrocystic breast changes.

Choice C reason: This is a normal finding, not an indication of breast cancer. Bilaterally darkened areolas are usually benign and related to genetic factors, pregnancy, or aging.

Choice D reason: This is an abnormal finding, and an indication of breast cancer. A nontender hard lump that is palpated in one breast is usually malignant and related to abnormal cell growth.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is a nonspecific finding, because a report of a severe headache can be caused by many factors, such as concussion, migraine, or tension. A headache alone is not an indication of a skull fracture.

Choice B reason: This is a specific finding, because clear fluid coming from the nares can indicate a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, which is a sign of a basilar skull fracture. CSF is the fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord, and can leak through the nose or ears if the skull is fractured.

Choice C reason: This is a nonspecific finding, because a brief change in level of consciousness can be caused by many factors, such as hypoxia, hypoglycemia, or seizure. A change in level of consciousness alone is not an indication of a skull fracture.

Choice D reason: This is a nonspecific finding, because bleeding from the top of the scalp can be caused by many factors, such as laceration, abrasion, or contusion. Bleeding from the scalp alone is not an indication of a skull fracture.

A. “Adults receive a natural immunity to herpes zoster from casual exposure to children who have had chickenpox.” B. “Herpes zoster is not contagious to individuals who received MMR vaccine as an infant.” C. “A client who has herpes zoster is not contagious if blisters are present on the skin.” D. “Herpes zoster is contagious to people who have never had chickenpox.”

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is a false statement, because adults do not receive a natural immunity to herpes zoster from casual exposure to children who have had chickenpox. Herpes zoster is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, which remains dormant in the nerve cells after a primary infection with chickenpox.

Choice B reason: This is a false statement, because herpes zoster is not prevented by the MMR vaccine, which protects against measles, mumps, and rubella. Herpes zoster is prevented by the varicella vaccine, which is given separately from the MMR vaccine.

Choice C reason: This is a false statement, because a client who has herpes zoster is contagious if blisters are present on the skin. The blisters contain the varicella-zoster virus, which can be transmitted through direct contact or airborne droplets.

Choice D reason: This is the correct statement, because herpes zoster is contagious to people who have never had chickenpox. People who have never had chickenpox can contract the varicella-zoster virus from a person who has herpes zoster and develop chickenpox as a primary infection.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about how to perform a breast self exam (BSE). The nurse should identify which of the following findings as an indication of breast cancer?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse in an urgent care clinic is collecting data from a client who sustained a fall. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication of a skull fracture?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is working with an assistive personnel (AP) who is assigned to bathe a client who has herpes zoster. The AP asks the nurse if herpes zoster is contagious. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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