A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about how to perform a breast self exam (BSE). The nurse should identify which of the following findings as an indication of breast cancer?

Lumps that are mobile and tender upon palpation prior to a menstrual period.

Multiple round masses that are tender and found in both breasts

Bilaterally darkened areolas

A nontender hard lump that is palpated in one breast

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: This is a normal finding, not an indication of breast cancer. Lumps that are mobile and tender upon palpation prior to a menstrual period are usually benign and related to hormonal changes.

Choice B reason: This is a normal finding, not an indication of breast cancer. Multiple round masses that are tender and found in both breasts are usually benign and related to fibrocystic breast changes.

Choice C reason: This is a normal finding, not an indication of breast cancer. Bilaterally darkened areolas are usually benign and related to genetic factors, pregnancy, or aging.

Choice D reason: This is an abnormal finding, and an indication of breast cancer. A nontender hard lump that is palpated in one breast is usually malignant and related to abnormal cell growth.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is an incorrect route, because maternal-fetal transmission of hepatitis A is very rare and occurs only if the mother has acute hepatitis A during the third trimester of pregnancy.

Choice B reason: This is the correct route, because fecal-oral contamination of hepatitis A is the most common mode of transmission. Hepatitis A is a viral infection that affects the liver and is spread through ingestion of contaminated food or water, or contact with infected feces.

Choice C reason: This is an incorrect route, because genital sexual contact of hepatitis A is uncommon and occurs only if there is oral-anal contact with an infected person.

Choice D reason: This is an incorrect route, because blood to blood transmission of hepatitis A is also uncommon and occurs only if there is exposure to infected blood or blood products, such as through needle sharing or transfusion.

A. Check and document the client's vital signs B. Ensure that the client's IV site uses a 22-gauge needle C. Verify that the blood type and Rh of the packed RBCs are checked by two nurses D. Obtain a bag of lactated Ringer's IV solution E. Provide the RN with tubing that has a filter

Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Checking and documenting the client's vital signs is a correct action, because it provides a baseline for comparison and helps to monitor for any signs of adverse reactions to the transfusion.

Choice B reason: Ensuring that the client's IV site uses a 22-gauge needle is an incorrect action, because a larger gauge needle (18- or 20-gauge) is preferred for blood transfusions to prevent hemolysis of the RBCs.

Choice C reason: Verifying that the blood type and Rh of the packed RBCs are checked by two nurses is a correct action, because it is a standard safety procedure to prevent transfusion errors and ensure compatibility.

Choice D reason: Obtaining a bag of lactated Ringer's IV solution is an incorrect action, because only normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride) should be used as the IV solution for blood transfusions. Other solutions may cause hemolysis or clotting of the blood.

Choice E reason: Providing the RN with tubing that has a filter is a correct action, because a filter is required for blood transfusions to remove any clumps or debris from the blood.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about how to perform a breast self exam (BSE). The nurse should identify which of the following findings as an indication of breast cancer?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about preventing the transmission of hepatitis A. The nurse should identify that hepatitis A is transmitted by which of the following routes?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who is to receive a transfusion of packed red blood cells (RBCs). Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]

Explanation

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