A nurse is caring for a male client who is undergoing screening tests for atherosclerosis. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse identify as an increased risk for this disorder?

Cholesterol level 195 mg/dL

Elevated HDL levels

Elevated LDL levels

Triglyceride level 135 mg/dL

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: A cholesterol level of 195 mg/dL is not an increased risk for atherosclerosis, because it is within the normal range of less than 200 mg/dL. Cholesterol is a type of fat that circulates in the blood and can contribute to plaque formation in the arteries.

Choice B reason: Elevated HDL levels are not an increased risk for atherosclerosis, because HDL stands for high-density lipoprotein, which is the "good" cholesterol that helps to remove excess cholesterol from the blood and prevent plaque formation in the arteries.

Choice C reason: Elevated LDL levels are an increased risk for atherosclerosis, because LDL stands for low-density lipoprotein, which is the "bad" cholesterol that can deposit in the arterial walls and cause plaque formation and narrowing of the arteries.

Choice D reason: A triglyceride level of 135 mg/dL is not an increased risk for atherosclerosis, because it is within the normal range of less than 150 mg/dL. Triglycerides are another type of fat that circulates in the blood and can contribute to plaque formation in the arteries.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is an important action, but not the first one. The nurse should provide oxygen after lowering the client to the floor and protecting the head, to improve the oxygenation and prevent hypoxia.

Choice B reason: This is an important action, but not the first one. The nurse should turn the client onto his side after lowering the client to the floor and protecting the head, to prevent aspiration and maintain a patent airway.

Choice C reason: This is a helpful action, but not the first one. The nurse should provide privacy after lowering the client to the floor and protecting the head, to respect the client's dignity and reduce the stimulation.

Choice D reason: This is the first action, because lowering the client to the floor and protecting the head can prevent injury and trauma to the client during the seizure. The nurse should use a pillow, blanket, or towel to cushion the head, and move any furniture or objects away from the client.

A. Kussmaul respirations B. Diaphoresis C. Decreased skin turgor D. Ketonuria

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is an incorrect finding, because Kussmaul respirations are a sign of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which is a complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus that occurs when the blood glucose is too high, not too low. Kussmaul respirations are deep and rapid breathing that help the body eliminate excess carbon dioxide and acid.

Choice B reason: This is the correct finding, because diaphoresis is a sign of hypoglycemia, which is a condition that occurs when the blood glucose is too low. Diaphoresis is excessive sweating that results from the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the release of epinephrine, which stimulate the body to increase the blood glucose level.

Choice C reason: This is an incorrect finding, because decreased skin turgor is a sign of dehydration, which is a complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus that occurs when the blood glucose is too high, not too low. Decreased skin turgor is a loss of elasticity and firmness of the skin that results from the loss of fluid and electrolytes through the urine and the skin.

Choice D reason: This is an incorrect finding, because ketonuria is a sign of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which is a complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus that occurs when the blood glucose is too high, not too low. Ketonuria is the presence of ketones in the urine, which are acidic substances that are produced when the body breaks down fat for energy due to the lack of insulin.

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A nurse is caring for a male client who is undergoing screening tests for atherosclerosis. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse identify as an increased risk for this disorder?

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