A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is receiving morphine via a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) infusion device. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A. Glaucoma typically affects peripheral vision first and may lead to tunnel vision as the disease progresses. While it can cause significant vision loss, it is not primarily characterized by a decrease in central vision.
B. Macular degeneration specifically affects the central part of the retina (the macula), leading to a loss of central vision while peripheral vision remains intact. It is the most common cause of vision loss in older adults and directly correlates with the symptom described.
C. Diabetic retinopathy primarily affects the blood vessels in the retina and can lead to various vision problems, including blurred vision, floaters, and even blindness. However, it does not exclusively cause a decrease in central vision; it often affects both central and peripheral vision.
D. Cataracts typically cause cloudy or blurred vision but do not specifically lead to a decrease in central vision alone. They may affect overall vision clarity, including both central and peripheral vision, but the primary symptom is a general haziness rather than a focused loss of central vision.

A. Adequate fluid intake is crucial for maintaining soft, bulky stools and preventing constipation. It helps to soften the stool and promote bowel movement.
B. While mineral oil can be used to treat constipation, it's often a last resort. Increasing fluid intake and dietary fiber are generally recommended first-line interventions.
C. The temperature of fluids doesn't significantly impact bowel function. The focus should be on increasing fluid intake, regardless of temperature.
D. A low-fiber diet can actually worsen constipation. Fiber adds bulk to the stool and promotes bowel regularity. A high-fiber diet is generally recommended to prevent constipation.