A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the guardian of an infant who has seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

"When patches are present, it indicates that your infant has a systemic infection."

"you can use petroleum to help soften and remove patches from your infant's scalp."

"You should avoid washing your infant's hair while patches are present on the scalp."

When patches are present, you should keep your infant away from others."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. "When patches are present, it indicates that your infant has a systemic infection." Seborrheic dermatitis is a benign, non-infectious condition and does not indicate systemic infection.
B. "You can use petrolatum to help soften and remove patches from your infant's scalp. Petrolatum can help soften and loosen scales in seborrheic dermatitis, making them easier to remove gently. This can help manage the condition effectively.
C. "You should avoid washing your infant's hair while patches are present on the scalp." Gentle washing with a mild shampoo can help manage seborrheic dermatitis. Avoiding washing altogether is not necessary unless advised by a healthcare provider.
D. "When patches are present, you should keep your infant away from others." Seborrheic dermatitis is not contagious, so there is no need to keep the infant away from others.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Initiate isotonic fluids with 20 mEq/L potassium chloride. The priority in treating acute gastroenteritis in a toddler is to manage dehydration, which is often severe due to fluid loss from vomiting and diarrhea. Isotonic fluids with electrolytes like potassium chloride help to restore fluid balance and prevent complications like electrolyte imbalances. This is the most urgent action to stabilize the child's condition.
B. Request evaluation of the toddler's serum electrolytes. While important, this can be done after fluid resuscitation has begun to assess the severity of electrolyte imbalances.
C. Determine if the toddler is voiding. Important for assessing renal function, but not the first priority in acute gastroenteritis.
D. Collect a stool sample from the toddler. Useful for identifying the causative organism but not as urgent as fluid resuscitation.

A. Rehydrate. B. Assess fluid balance. C. Maintain fluid therapy. D. Introduce a regular diet.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Rehydrate. Rehydration is critical in managing severe diarrhea to prevent dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, which can be life-threatening.
B. Assess fluid balance. Assessing fluid balance is important but comes after initiating rehydration to ensure ongoing monitoring and adjustment of the fluid therapy.
C. Maintain fluid therapy. Maintaining fluid therapy is essential but should follow the initial step of rehydration.
D. Introduce a regular diet. Introducing a regular diet should only be considered after the child's fluid and electrolyte balance is restored.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the guardian of an infant who has seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

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