A nurse is reviewing contraception options for four clients.
Which client has a contraindication for receiving oral contraceptives?

A 38-year-old client who reports smoking one pack of cigarettes every day.

A 28-year-old client who has a history of pelvic inflammatory disease.

A 32-year-old client who has benign breast disease.

A 26-year-old client who has migraine headaches at the start of each menstrual cycle.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

A 38-year-old client who reports smoking one pack of cigarettes every day. Oral contraceptives are contraindicated in women who are over 35 years old and smoke. This is because the combination of oral contraceptives and smoking increases the risk of serious cardiovascular side effects, such as blood clots, stroke, or heart attack. These risks are even higher in women over 35 years old who smoke. Therefore, this client should not receive oral contraceptives due to the increased risk of these serious side effects.

Choice B rationale

A 28-year-old client who has a history of pelvic inflammatory disease. While pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) can lead to complications such as infertility and ectopic pregnancy, it is not a contraindication for the use of oral contraceptives. In fact, oral contraceptives can provide some protection against PID by causing changes in the cervix that make it more resistant to infection.

Choice C rationale

A 32-year-old client who has benign breast disease. Benign breast disease is not a contraindication for the use of oral contraceptives. While some studies have suggested a slightly increased risk of breast cancer in women who have used oral contraceptives, the risk appears to decrease over time once the contraceptives are stopped.

Choice D rationale

A 26-year-old client who has migraine headaches at the start of each menstrual cycle. While migraines can be a contraindication for the use of oral contraceptives, it generally applies to migraines with aura. Women who have migraines with aura have an increased risk of stroke when using oral contraceptives. However, for women who have migraines without aura, the benefits of using oral contraceptives usually outweigh the risks.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Tubal ligation does not decrease menstrual flow. It is a surgical procedure that blocks or seals the fallopian tubes, preventing eggs from reaching the uterus for implantation.

Choice B rationale

Tubal ligation does not reduce menstrual pain. It prevents pregnancy but does not have an effect on the menstrual cycle or associated symptoms.

Choice C rationale

The timing of the procedure in relation to the menstrual cycle is not a significant factor in tubal ligation. The procedure can be performed at any time as long as pregnancy is not present.

Choice D rationale

It is crucial to emphasize that tubal ligation is considered a permanent form of birth control. While reversal procedures exist, they are not always successful and should not be relied upon. Therefore, the decision to undergo tubal ligation should be made with the understanding that it is typically irreversible.

A. Gradual lordosis. B. Decreased mobility of pelvic joints. C. Increased abdominal muscle tone. D. Posterior neck flexion.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Gradual lordosis, or the inward curvature of the spine, is a common physiological change during pregnancy. As the baby grows and the woman’s center of gravity shifts, the spine adjusts to maintain balance.

Choice B rationale

Decreased mobility of pelvic joints is not a typical physiological change during pregnancy. In fact, the body releases the hormone relaxin during pregnancy, which allows the ligaments in the pelvic area to relax and the joints to become looser in preparation for the birth process.

Choice C rationale

Increased abdominal muscle tone is not a typical physiological change during pregnancy. In fact, as the baby grows, the abdominal muscles stretch and can even separate, a condition known as diastasis recti.

Choice D rationale

Posterior neck flexion is not a typical physiological change during pregnancy.

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A nurse is reviewing contraception options for four clients.Which client has a contraindication for receiving oral contraceptives?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is planning instructions for a patient desiring to have a tubal ligation.Which information should the nurse emphasize when teaching the patient?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is evaluating a patient in her third trimester of pregnancy.Which findings should the nurse recognize as expected physiological changes during pregnancy?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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A nurse is reviewing contraception options for four clients.
Which client has a contraindication for receiving oral contraceptives?