A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a young adult client who has a new diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as risk factors for this disorder? (Select all that apply.)

The client follows a strict routine of daily activities.

The client reports having a substance use disorder.

The client is a twin

The client's mother abandoned him as a child.

The client's father has an impulse control disorder.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,D,E

A. The client follows a strict routine of daily activities:
This choice is less likely to be a risk factor for borderline personality disorder. BPD is characterized by impulsivity and difficulties in maintaining stable routines or relationships. Individuals with BPD often struggle with adhering to strict routines due to impulsive behaviors and emotional dysregulation.

B. The client reports having a substance use disorder:
Individuals with borderline personality disorder often struggle with impulse control and emotional regulation. Substance use can be a way for them to cope with intense emotions and mood swings. The presence of a substance use disorder can indicate a higher risk for borderline personality disorder due to these coping mechanisms.

C. The client is a twin:
Being a twin, in itself, is not a direct risk factor for borderline personality disorder. However, if there are genetic or environmental factors contributing to the disorder, both twins might be at risk due to shared genetic material and upbringing. It's essential to consider the specific familial and environmental context when assessing the risk in twins.

D. The client's mother abandoned him as a child:
Early childhood experiences play a significant role in the development of personality disorders, including borderline personality disorder. Abandonment, neglect, or other forms of trauma can disrupt a child's sense of security and trust, leading to difficulties in regulating emotions and forming stable relationships later in life.

E. The client's father has an impulse control disorder:
Growing up in an environment where a parent has an impulse control disorder can create an unstable living situation. Inconsistent parenting and unpredictable behaviors can contribute to emotional instability and difficulties in regulating impulses, which are hallmark features of borderline personality disorder.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Buprenorphine:
Buprenorphine is a medication used in the treatment of opioid dependence. It acts on the same receptors in the brain as opioids, helping to reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms in individuals recovering from opioid addiction. It is not typically used for alcohol withdrawal.

B. Naltrexone:
Naltrexone is an opioid receptor antagonist used in the treatment of alcohol dependence. It works by blocking the effects of endorphins, the body's natural opioids. In the context of alcohol dependence, it reduces the rewarding effects of alcohol and decreases the craving for alcohol. Naltrexone can be prescribed for individuals experiencing acute manifestations of alcohol withdrawal as part of a comprehensive treatment plan.

C. Disulfiram:
Disulfiram is a medication that causes unpleasant symptoms (such as nausea, vomiting, and flushing) when alcohol is consumed. It works as a deterrent, discouraging individuals from drinking alcohol by creating a negative reaction. Disulfiram is used as a part of comprehensive alcohol treatment programs to help maintain abstinence. It is not typically used for acute alcohol withdrawal symptoms.

D. Bupropion:
Bupropion is an antidepressant medication that is also used to aid smoking cessation. It helps reduce withdrawal symptoms and the urge to smoke. While it is not used specifically for alcohol withdrawal, individuals with alcohol dependence often have higher rates of tobacco use. Bupropion might be prescribed to address both smoking cessation and depressive symptoms in individuals with alcohol dependence, but it does not directly address alcohol withdrawal.

A. Rambling speech B. Insomnia C. Rapid mood swings D. Sundowning

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Rambling speech
Rambling speech is not a typical finding associated with depression. It may indicate other conditions or issues.

B. Insomnia
Insomnia, or difficulty sleeping, is a common symptom of depression. Many individuals with depression experience trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or both.

C. Rapid mood swings
Rapid mood swings are not typically associated with depression. Depression often involves persistent low mood rather than rapid fluctuations.

D. Sundowning
Sundowning refers to a state of confusion and restlessness that occurs in the late afternoon and evening, often seen in individuals with dementia. While it can be related to mood disturbances, it's not specific to depression.

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A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a young adult client who has a new diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as risk factors for this disorder? (Select all that apply.)

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