A nurse is reviewing urinalysis results for four clients. Which of the following urinalysis results indicates urinary tract infection?

A. While monitoring drug levels is important, sending a trough level before the initial dose is not standard practice. Trough levels are typically checked just before the next dose of a medication is given, especially for antibiotics like Gentamicin that require monitoring for potential toxicity. Therefore, this option is not the best immediate action.
B. While managing the environment and ensuring patient privacy is important, this option does not address any immediate medical needs related to starting the antibiotic infusion.
C. Educating the patient about potential side effects is essential for informed consent and patient safety. However, while important, this is not the most critical action to take prior to the infusion.
D. Before starting an antibiotic treatment, it is crucial to send a culture and sensitivity test to identify the specific pathogen causing the infection. This ensures that the selected antibiotic (Gentamicin) is appropriate for the identified bacteria, which is vital for effective treatment and to avoid antibiotic resistance.

A. This term refers to the passage of fresh blood through the anus, usually indicating lower GI bleeding (such as from the colon or rectum). It is a common and significant sign of GI bleeding.
B. Hypertension (high blood pressure) is generally not a sign of GI bleeding. In fact, GI bleeding typically leads to hypotension (low blood pressure) due to volume loss, making this choice incorrect.
C. Tarry stool (melena) indicates the presence of digested blood in the stool, typically resulting from upper GI bleeding. It appears black and sticky and is a common sign of GI bleeding.
D. This refers to vomiting that looks like coffee grounds, which indicates that blood has been present in the stomach and has undergone digestion. This is a classic sign of upper GI bleeding and is a significant symptom.
E. Hematemesis is the vomiting of blood, which can be bright red or resemble coffee grounds, depending on the source and severity of the bleeding. It is a common and serious sign of GI bleeding, particularly from the upper GI tract.