A nurse is teaching a class about the steps of critical thinking.
The nurse should include that interpreting data is included in which of the following steps?

Choice A rationale:

Phlebitis is inflammation of a vein, often associated with pain, redness, and warmth at the catheter site. In this case, the client's catheter site is described as cool and taut, which is not consistent with the manifestations of phlebitis.

Choice B rationale:

Infection typically presents with signs such as redness, warmth, swelling, and pain at the catheter site. The description of the client's catheter site as cool and taut is not indicative of infection.

Choice C rationale:

The client's symptoms, including a cool and taut catheter site and IV fluid leaking, are indicative of infiltration. Infiltration occurs when IV fluids inadvertently enter the surrounding tissue instead of the vein. It can lead to localized swelling and discomfort.

Choice D rationale:

Circulatory overload is characterized by symptoms such as shortness of breath, elevated blood pressure, and tachycardia. These symptoms are not consistent with the client's description of a cool and taut catheter site with IV fluid leaking.

Choice A rationale:

Guiding the client away from background noise is a helpful suggestion for a client with hearing loss, but in the context of reviewing discharge instructions, it may not be sufficient. The primary issue is not background noise but the ability of the client to hear and understand the nurse's instructions.

Choice B rationale:

Providing a copy of the instructions printed in Braille is not appropriate for a client with hearing loss. Braille is a tactile reading and writing system for people who are blind or visually impaired. It does not address the client's hearing loss.

Choice C rationale:

Standing next to the client when speaking is the most appropriate action for a nurse when reviewing discharge instructions with a client who has hearing loss. This allows the client to see the nurse's facial expressions, lip movements, and gestures, which can aid in understanding. It also minimizes the distance between the nurse's mouth and the client's ears, making it easier for the client to hear.

Choice D rationale:

While repeating phrases that the client misunderstands is a helpful communication strategy, it should be used in conjunction with standing close to the client, not as the sole method. Standing close and speaking clearly should be the primary approach to facilitate effective communication with a client who has hearing loss.