A nurse is teaching a client about foods to avoid during pregnancy.
Which of the following statements should the nurse make? (Select All that Apply.)
"It is important to keep your caffeine consumption below 200 mg per day.”.
"Sugar will affect fetus growth, so it should be limited to less than 10 grams per day.”.
"No amount of organ meat is considered safe.”.
"You should not eat at any sushi restaurants.”.
Correct Answer : A,D
Choice A rationale
High caffeine intake during pregnancy has been linked to increased risks of miscarriage, preterm birth, and low birth weight. Caffeine is a stimulant and diuretic that can cross the placenta. Limiting caffeine intake to less than 200 mg per day, equivalent to about one 12-ounce cup of coffee, is a recommended guideline to minimize potential adverse effects on fetal development.
Choice B rationale
While excessive sugar intake is generally unhealthy and can contribute to gestational diabetes and excessive maternal weight gain, a blanket restriction of less than 10 grams per day is overly stringent and impractical. Carbohydrates, including some sugars, are essential for energy. The focus should be on limiting added sugars and consuming a balanced diet, not eliminating all sugar.
Choice C rationale
Organ meats, such as liver, are rich sources of essential nutrients like iron, vitamin A, and B vitamins, which are beneficial during pregnancy. However, they contain high levels of preformed vitamin A (retinol), which can be teratogenic in excessive amounts. Moderate consumption, typically once a week, is often considered safe and can contribute to nutritional needs, not complete avoidance.
Choice D rationale
Raw or undercooked fish, commonly found in sushi, can harbor bacteria like Listeria monocytogenes and parasites such as Anisakis simplex. Listeria infection during pregnancy can lead to serious complications including miscarriage, stillbirth, or premature delivery. Therefore, avoiding sushi and other raw seafood is a crucial recommendation to prevent foodborne illnesses.
Choice E rationale
Red meat is an excellent source of iron and protein, both vital for maternal and fetal health during all trimesters of pregnancy. Iron is crucial for preventing maternal anemia and supporting fetal growth and development. There is no scientific basis to avoid red meat during the first trimester; rather, adequate intake is encouraged for its nutritional benefits.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Emphasizing compliance without addressing the underlying emotional distress of an adolescent regarding body image can be counterproductive. Adherence to medical regimens, especially those affecting appearance, is significantly influenced by psychosocial factors and perceived stigma. A confrontational approach often increases resistance, hindering long-term treatment success.
Choice B rationale
Dismissing an adolescent's concern about peer perception trivializes their developmental stage, where social acceptance and body image are paramount. Telling them peers will not notice is often untrue and undermines trust, as adolescents are highly attuned to social cues and peer judgment, which can lead to further noncompliance.
Choice C rationale
Involving the adolescent in brace customization promotes autonomy and ownership over their treatment, significantly increasing compliance. This approach addresses the emotional impact of body image concerns by allowing for personalization, which can mitigate feelings of embarrassment and enhance self-esteem during a critical developmental period.
Choice D rationale
While explaining risks is important for informed consent, focusing solely on negative consequences without offering solutions or addressing emotional barriers can instill fear without promoting adherence. This approach can also lead to resentment or a feeling of being lectured, further alienating the adolescent from treatment.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Consumption of alcohol during pregnancy is contraindicated due to its teratogenic effects, which can lead to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs). No amount of alcohol is considered safe during pregnancy, as it can cross the placenta and directly harm fetal development, affecting multiple organ systems.
Choice B rationale
Albacore tuna has higher mercury levels compared to other fish due to its longer lifespan and position in the food chain. High mercury intake during pregnancy can negatively impact fetal neurological development. Pregnant clients are advised to limit albacore tuna to 6 ounces per week, but some guidelines suggest even less or alternative fish.
Choice C rationale
Switching to whole milk provides increased caloric and fat intake, which is beneficial during pregnancy to support fetal growth and maternal energy needs. Whole milk also provides essential fat-soluble vitamins like A and D, and calcium, crucial for fetal bone development, in higher quantities than skim milk.
Choice D rationale
While moderate caffeine intake (generally less than 200 mg per day) is considered acceptable by some organizations during pregnancy, 600 milligrams daily significantly exceeds this recommendation. High caffeine intake is associated with risks such as miscarriage, preterm birth, and low birth weight due to its vasoconstrictive effects.
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