A nurse is teaching a client about foods to avoid during pregnancy.
Which of the following statements should the nurse make? (Select All that Apply.)
"It is important to keep your caffeine consumption below 200 mg per day.”.
"Sugar will affect fetus growth, so it should be limited to less than 10 grams per day.”.
"No amount of organ meat is considered safe.”.
"You should not eat at any sushi restaurants.”.
Correct Answer : A,D
Choice A rationale
High caffeine intake during pregnancy has been linked to increased risks of miscarriage, preterm birth, and low birth weight. Caffeine is a stimulant and diuretic that can cross the placenta. Limiting caffeine intake to less than 200 mg per day, equivalent to about one 12-ounce cup of coffee, is a recommended guideline to minimize potential adverse effects on fetal development.
Choice B rationale
While excessive sugar intake is generally unhealthy and can contribute to gestational diabetes and excessive maternal weight gain, a blanket restriction of less than 10 grams per day is overly stringent and impractical. Carbohydrates, including some sugars, are essential for energy. The focus should be on limiting added sugars and consuming a balanced diet, not eliminating all sugar.
Choice C rationale
Organ meats, such as liver, are rich sources of essential nutrients like iron, vitamin A, and B vitamins, which are beneficial during pregnancy. However, they contain high levels of preformed vitamin A (retinol), which can be teratogenic in excessive amounts. Moderate consumption, typically once a week, is often considered safe and can contribute to nutritional needs, not complete avoidance.
Choice D rationale
Raw or undercooked fish, commonly found in sushi, can harbor bacteria like Listeria monocytogenes and parasites such as Anisakis simplex. Listeria infection during pregnancy can lead to serious complications including miscarriage, stillbirth, or premature delivery. Therefore, avoiding sushi and other raw seafood is a crucial recommendation to prevent foodborne illnesses.
Choice E rationale
Red meat is an excellent source of iron and protein, both vital for maternal and fetal health during all trimesters of pregnancy. Iron is crucial for preventing maternal anemia and supporting fetal growth and development. There is no scientific basis to avoid red meat during the first trimester; rather, adequate intake is encouraged for its nutritional benefits.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Vitamin K's primary physiological role is in coagulation, not in enhancing the immune system to prevent healthcare-associated infections. Newborns receive vitamin K to prevent bleeding disorders, not to boost their immunity against bacterial or viral pathogens. Infection control practices are crucial for preventing healthcare-associated infections, not vitamin K administration.
Choice B rationale
Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X in the liver. Newborns have immature livers and limited vitamin K stores, making them susceptible to Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding (VKDB), also known as hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. Administering vitamin K prophylactically decreases this risk, preventing potentially life-threatening bleeding episodes.
Choice C rationale
Vitamin K is administered to prevent hemorrhagic disorders and has no known direct impact on reducing complications specifically from the Hepatitis B vaccine. The Hepatitis B vaccine stimulates active immunity against the Hepatitis B virus. Any complications from vaccination are unrelated to the infant's vitamin K status or coagulation cascade.
Choice D rationale
Jaundice in newborns is primarily caused by elevated unconjugated bilirubin levels due to physiological processes like increased red blood cell breakdown and immature liver conjugation. Vitamin K does not play a role in bilirubin metabolism or excretion, and therefore, it does not decrease the newborn's risk of jaundice. Phototherapy or other interventions are used for hyperbilirubinemia.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Immediately initiating urological testing without first assessing for psychological factors is premature. While organic causes of enuresis exist, a sudden onset in a 12-year-old following a significant stressor like parental divorce strongly suggests a psychological etiology. Unnecessary invasive testing can be distressing for the child.
Choice B rationale
Punishing a child for bedwetting is detrimental and ineffective. Enuresis, especially stress-induced, is an involuntary act; punishment increases anxiety and shame, exacerbating the problem rather than resolving it. This approach can damage the child's self-esteem and the parent-child relationship.
Choice C rationale
Informing the child they are too old for bedwetting shames them and ignores the underlying emotional distress. This approach fosters guilt and inadequacy, reinforcing negative self-perceptions rather than addressing the root cause. Empathy and support are crucial for managing stress-related symptoms.
Choice D rationale
Providing emotional support and assessing for enuresis as a stress response is the most appropriate initial intervention. The sudden onset of bedwetting after parental divorce strongly suggests a psychological component. Addressing the emotional impact and providing coping strategies can alleviate the stress, leading to resolution of the enuresis.
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