A practical nurse is reinforcing education with a client on the benefits of support during labor.
Which of the following benefits should the nurse include in their teaching reinforcement? (Select All that Apply.)

Choice A rationale

This choice is incorrect because Naegele's Rule involves adding seven days to the first day of the last menstrual period and then subtracting three months. Starting with September 17, adding seven days yields September 24. Subtracting three months from September 24 results in June 24, which is not the correct estimated delivery date according to the rule.

Choice B rationale

This choice is incorrect because applying Naegele's Rule requires a precise calculation. If the first day of the last menstrual period was September 17, adding seven days gives September 24. Subtracting three months from September 24 would result in June 24, not June 10, thus indicating an error in calculation for this option.

Choice C rationale

This choice is incorrect as it does not align with the application of Naegele's Rule. The rule specifies adding seven days to the LMP and subtracting three months. Starting from September 17, adding seven days brings it to September 24. Subtracting three months from September 24 mathematically leads to June 24, making June 20 an inaccurate calculation.

Choice D rationale

This choice is correct because Naegele's Rule is applied by adding seven days to the first day of the last menstrual period and then subtracting three months. With a last menstrual period of September 17, adding seven days results in September 24. Subtracting three months from September 24 accurately yields June 24 of the following year as the estimated date of delivery.

Choice A rationale

According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, adolescence (roughly ages 12-18) is characterized by the central crisis of identity versus role confusion. During this stage, adolescents explore various roles, beliefs, and values to form a cohesive sense of self and define their place in society, integrating past experiences with future aspirations.

Choice B rationale

Autonomy versus shame and doubt is the psychosocial crisis associated with early childhood, typically ages 1-3 years. During this stage, children develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. Successful resolution leads to autonomy, while failure can result in feelings of shame and self-doubt.

Choice C rationale

Trust versus mistrust is the psychosocial crisis of infancy, typically ages 0-1 year. In this stage, infants develop a sense of trust in caregivers and the world based on the consistency and reliability of care received. Successful resolution fosters hope and security, while neglect can lead to mistrust and anxiety.

Choice D rationale

Industry versus inferiority is the psychosocial crisis characteristic of school age, typically ages 6-12 years. Children at this stage are focused on developing competence and mastering academic and social skills. Success in these endeavors leads to a sense of industry, while difficulties can result in feelings of inferiority and low self-esteem.