A practical nurse is reinforcing education with a client on the benefits of support during labor.
Which of the following benefits should the nurse include in their teaching reinforcement? (Select All that Apply.)

Choice A rationale

Bullying, especially when prolonged, can lead to chronic stress and emotional distress, often manifesting as symptoms of depression. The consistent negative social interactions, feelings of helplessness, social isolation, and decline in academic performance are all classic indicators of major depressive disorder, characterized by persistent sadness, anhedonia, and functional impairment.

Choice B rationale

Bullying systematically erodes an individual's self-worth and confidence. The constant criticism, exclusion, and targeting by peers lead to feelings of inadequacy and shame, directly contradicting any notion of increased self-esteem. Over time, victims often internalize negative messages, resulting in a significant decrease in their overall self-perception and personal value.

Choice C rationale

Bullying typically leads to social withdrawal, not enhanced social skills. Victims often develop anxiety around social interactions due to fear of further judgment or aggression. This avoidance behavior prevents them from practicing and refining social skills, leading to a decline in their ability to engage effectively with peers and form healthy relationships.

Choice D rationale

Bullying causes significant psychological distress, including anxiety, depression, and difficulty concentrating. These factors directly interfere with cognitive functions necessary for learning, such as attention and memory. Consequently, academic performance often declines as the student struggles to focus in class and complete assignments, leading to lower grades. .

Choice A rationale

Reporting any change in the color or temperature of the toes on the casted extremity is crucial for detecting potential neurovascular compromise. Changes like pallor, cyanosis, coolness, or increased warmth can indicate impaired circulation, nerve compression, or infection, requiring immediate medical attention to prevent permanent tissue damage or complications.

Choice B rationale

Keeping the cast dry and avoiding submersion in water is essential to maintain the cast's integrity and prevent skin maceration. A wet cast can soften, lose its supportive capabilities, and become a breeding ground for bacteria or mold, leading to skin irritation, infection, or breakdown. Special covers are available for showering.

Choice C rationale

Applying lotion or powder to relieve itching under the cast is contraindicated. Lotions can soften the skin, promoting maceration and fungal growth, while powders can cake and irritate the skin. Inserting objects under the cast can also lead to skin abrasions, infections, or foreign body reactions, compromising skin integrity.

Choice D rationale

Using a warm hair dryer to dry the cast if it gets wet is generally discouraged. While a cool setting might be acceptable for some fiberglass casts, warm or hot air can cause burns to the underlying skin, especially if sensation is impaired or if the cast material is plaster, which can retain heat. Air drying or a fan on a cool setting is preferred.