A nurse is teaching a client about preparation for a barium enema.
What client statement indicates the client requires further reinforcement of teaching?

This is because diarrhea can cause a loss of potassium along with water and other electrolytes. Potassium is an important mineral that helps regulate the heartbeat, nerve impulses and muscle contractions. Low levels of potassium can cause symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, irregular heartbeat and constipation.

Choice B. Hypocalcemia is wrong because diarrhea does not usually cause a loss of

calcium. Calcium is another mineral that helps with muscle and nerve function, blood clotting and bone health. Low levels of calcium can cause symptoms such as numbness, tingling, muscle spasms, seizures and confusion.

Choice C. Hyponatremia is wrong because diarrhea can cause a loss of sodium, but not to the extent that it causes hyponatremia. Sodium is the most abundant electrolyte in the body and it helps regulate fluid balance, blood pressure and nerve and muscle function. Low levels of sodium can cause symptoms such as headache, confusion, nausea, vomiting, seizures and coma.

Choice D. Hypochloremia is wrong because diarrhea can cause a loss of chloride, but not to the extent that it causes hypochloremia. Chloride is another electrolyte that helps maintain fluid balance, blood pressure and acid-base balance. Low levels of chloride can cause symptoms such as weakness, dehydration, alkalosis (high blood pH) and muscle twitching.

The normal ranges for electrolytes in the blood are:

• Potassium: 3.5 to 5 mEq/L
• Calcium: 8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL
• Sodium: 135 to 145 mEq/L
• Chloride: 96 to 106

The client practices meditation for 20 minutes once a day. This is an example of an adaptive coping strategy, which is a cognitive or behavioral effort to manage stressful conditions or associated emotional distress.

Meditation can help reduce tension, enhance relaxation, and promote well-being.

Choice A is wrong because the client consumes 3 glasses of wine after a stressful day at work. This is an example of an avoidance coping strategy, which is an attempt to reduce stress by avoiding dealing directly with the problem.

Alcohol consumption can have negative effects on physical and mental health, and does not address the source of stress.

Choice C is wrong because the client keeps all unresolved conflict to themselves. This is an example of an emotion-focused coping strategy, which is an attempt to regulate the emotional distress caused by a stressor.

However, this strategy can be maladaptive if it involves suppressing or denying emotions, which can lead to increased psychological distress and poor interpersonal relationships.

Choice D is wrong because the client consumes a half gallon of ice cream after an argument with a coworker. This is another example of an avoidance coping strategy, which is an attempt to reduce stress by avoiding dealing directly with the problem.

Ice cream consumption can have negative effects on physical health, such as obesity and diabetes, and does not address the source of stress.