A nurse is teaching a client at risk for melanoma about what to look out for when checking the skin. The nurse determines that the teaching was successful based on which client statement(s)? (Select all that apply)

Choice A reason: The Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) focuses on competencies like patient safety and quality improvement, not moral standards. It guides nursing education to enhance clinical skills and patient outcomes, addressing evidence-based practice and teamwork. Moral standards, involving ethical decision-making and professional conduct, are governed by the ANA Code of Ethics, not QSEN.

Choice B reason: The American Nurses Association Standards of Professional Performance outline behaviors like leadership and collaboration but focus on professional competence, not moral standards. These standards guide performance expectations, such as resource utilization and communication, rather than ethical principles like beneficence or autonomy, which are central to the ANA Code of Ethics for moral guidance.

Choice C reason: The American Nurses Association Code of Ethics provides moral standards for nursing, emphasizing principles like beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice. It guides ethical decision-making in patient care, addressing dilemmas like informed consent and confidentiality. This code ensures nurses uphold moral integrity in professional behavior, making it the correct guide for ethical standards.

Choice D reason: The American Nurses Association Standards of Practice define the nursing process (assessment, diagnosis, planning, etc.) but focus on clinical practice standards, not moral guidelines. These standards ensure competent care delivery but do not address ethical principles like patient autonomy or ethical dilemmas, which are covered by the ANA Code of Ethics.

Choice A reason: Ambulatory tachycardia is not a recognized condition. Tachycardia (elevated heart rate) may occur with orthostatic changes but does not define the condition. Orthostatic hypotension, marked by a blood pressure drop (90/50 mmHg) upon standing, causes dizziness due to reduced cerebral perfusion from impaired vascular response, making this incorrect.

Choice B reason: Ambulatory bradycardia is not a standard term. Bradycardia (low heart rate) is unrelated to the symptoms of dizziness and low blood pressure (90/50 mmHg) upon standing. Orthostatic hypotension results from inadequate vasoconstriction and reduced venous return, decreasing cerebral blood flow, causing faintness, making this option incorrect.

Choice C reason: Orthostatic hypertension involves elevated blood pressure upon standing, opposite to the client’s 90/50 mmHg. Orthostatic hypotension, characterized by a drop in blood pressure, causes dizziness due to reduced cerebral perfusion from impaired baroreceptor-mediated vasoconstriction. This mismatch in symptoms and blood pressure response makes orthostatic hypertension incorrect.

Choice D reason: Orthostatic hypotension is a drop in blood pressure (e.g., 90/50 mmHg) upon standing, causing dizziness and faintness. It results from inadequate autonomic compensation, reducing venous return and cerebral perfusion. Post-surgical fluid shifts or autonomic dysfunction exacerbate this, impairing brain oxygenation, making this the correct term for the client’s condition.