A nurse is teaching a client who has hepatitis A about preventing the transmission of the virus. Which of the following strategies should the nurse include in the teaching?

Wear barrier protection during vaginal intercourse.

Avoid sharing needles with others.

Avoid eating at fast food restaurants.

Practice effective hand hygiene.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale
Wearing barrier protection during vaginal intercourse is a general precaution to prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including hepatitis B and C. However, hepatitis A is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, not sexual contact.

Choice B rationale
Avoiding needle sharing is critical for preventing the spread of bloodborne pathogens, including hepatitis B and C. While it is always good practice, hepatitis A is not typically transmitted through blood.

Choice C rationale
The suggestion to avoid eating at fast food restaurants does not directly relate to the prevention of hepatitis A. The virus is usually spread through contaminated food or water, so ensuring food safety is important, but singling out fast food restaurants is not necessary.

Choice D rationale
Practicing effective hand hygiene is the most effective way to prevent the transmission of hepatitis A. The virus can be spread through close contact or ingestion of contaminated food or water, so washing hands can significantly reduce the risk.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Potassium levels are not directly affected by lactulose. While cirrhosis can lead to imbalances in electrolytes, including potassium, lactulose is not used to manage potassium levels in the bloodstream.

Choice B rationale
Ammonia is produced by the breakdown of proteins in the intestines and is normally processed by the liver. In cirrhosis, the liver's ability to convert ammonia to urea is impaired, leading to increased levels in the blood. Lactulose helps reduce blood ammonia levels by converting it into ammonium, which is then excreted.

Choice C rationale
Bicarbonate levels are related to the body's pH balance and are not the target of lactulose treatment. Cirrhosis does not typically result in bicarbonate imbalances that would be treated with lactulose.

Choice D rationale
Glucose levels are managed by insulin and other metabolic processes, not lactulose. While cirrhosis can affect overall metabolism, lactulose does not have a direct effect on blood glucose levels.

A. Percuss between the iliac crest and ribs at the midaxillary line. B. Push fingers upward into the two lowest intercostal spaces. C. Palpate along both sides of the lumbar vertebral column. D. Strike a flat hand covering the costovertebral angle (CVA).

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Percussion between the iliac crest and ribs at the midaxillary line is not the standard method for assessing flank tenderness associated with pyelonephritis. This technique may not elicit the characteristic pain of kidney inflammation.

Choice B rationale
Pushing fingers upward into the two lowest intercostal spaces is not a specific test for flank tenderness and may not accurately assess for pyelonephritis. This action is more related to assessing the integrity of the rib cage and intercostal muscles.

Choice C rationale
Palpating along both sides of the lumbar vertebral column is not the correct method for assessing flank tenderness due to pyelonephritis. This approach is more suited for assessing the musculoskeletal structure rather than the kidneys.

Choice D rationale
Striking a flat hand over the costovertebral angle is the correct method for assessing flank tenderness in cases of suspected pyelonephritis. This technique, known as costovertebral angle tenderness, elicits pain when the kidneys are inflamed, which is a common sign of pyelonephritis.

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A nurse is teaching a client who has hepatitis A about preventing the transmission of the virus. Which of the following strategies should the nurse include in the teaching?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

How will the nurse assess for flank tenderness in a patient with suspected pyelonephritis?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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