A nurse is teaching a client who has hepatitis A about preventing the transmission of the virus. Which of the following strategies should the nurse include in the teaching?

Wear barrier protection during vaginal intercourse.

Avoid sharing needles with others.

Avoid eating at fast food restaurants.

Practice effective hand hygiene.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale
Wearing barrier protection during vaginal intercourse is a general precaution to prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including hepatitis B and C. However, hepatitis A is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, not sexual contact.

Choice B rationale
Avoiding needle sharing is critical for preventing the spread of bloodborne pathogens, including hepatitis B and C. While it is always good practice, hepatitis A is not typically transmitted through blood.

Choice C rationale
The suggestion to avoid eating at fast food restaurants does not directly relate to the prevention of hepatitis A. The virus is usually spread through contaminated food or water, so ensuring food safety is important, but singling out fast food restaurants is not necessary.

Choice D rationale
Practicing effective hand hygiene is the most effective way to prevent the transmission of hepatitis A. The virus can be spread through close contact or ingestion of contaminated food or water, so washing hands can significantly reduce the risk.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale
A history of high blood pressure is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease but not specifically for acute glomerulonephritis. Acute glomerulonephritis is more commonly associated with infections.

Choice B rationale
A recent sore throat and fever, especially if caused by a streptococcal infection, can lead to post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. This is a well-documented cause of acute glomerulonephritis, making it the correct answer.

Choice C rationale
While bladder infections can lead to urinary tract infections, they are not typically associated with acute glomerulonephritis. This condition is more commonly related to infections that can cause a systemic immune response.

Choice D rationale
A history of kidney stones is associated with chronic kidney issues and can lead to infections, but it is not a direct cause of acute glomerulonephritis. This condition is usually caused by an immune response to an infection elsewhere in the body.

A. Tell the patient to clean the urethral area, void a small amount into the toilet, then void directly into a sterile container. B. Have the patient empty the bladder completely; then obtain the next urine specimen that the patient is able to void. C. Clean the area around the patient's meatus with a povidone-iodine (Betadine) swab and then have the patient void into a sterile specimen cup. D. Insert a short sterile "mini" catheter attached to a collecting container into the urethra and bladder to obtain the specimen.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale
This method is the standard procedure for obtaining a clean-catch midstream urine specimen. The initial voiding washes away organisms near the meatus, and the midstream urine is less likely to be contaminated by bacteria from the skin or urethral area, providing a sample that more accurately represents the bacteria in the bladder.

Choice B rationale
Having the patient empty the bladder completely and then obtaining the next specimen does not ensure a clean-catch sample. This method could lead to contamination of the specimen with bacteria from the skin or urethral area.

Choice C rationale
Cleaning the area with povidone-iodine is not recommended for routine urine culture as it may kill some of the bacteria, leading to a false-negative result. The standard practice is to clean the area with mild soap and water.

Choice D rationale
Inserting a catheter is an invasive procedure and is not the first choice for obtaining a urine specimen. It is used when a patient is unable to provide a clean-catch specimen or if there are specific medical indications.

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A nurse is teaching a client who has hepatitis A about preventing the transmission of the virus. Which of the following strategies should the nurse include in the teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

What should the nurse ask the patient about to determine possible causes of acute glomerulonephritis?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A female patient with a suspected urinary tract infection is to provide a clean-catch midstream urine specimen for culture and sensitivity testing. What should the nurse do to obtain the specimen?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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