A nurse is teaching a client who has osteoporosis about ways to reduce stress on the skeletal system. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Begin a weight-bearing exercise program.

Avoid practicing yoga.

Continue jogging 1 to 2 miles per day.

Walk at least 60 min every day.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Begin a weight-bearing exercise program: Activities like walking, dancing, and resistance training help maintain bone density by stimulating osteoblast activity. Regular weight-bearing exercise strengthens bones and reduces the risk of fractures.

B. Avoid practicing yoga: Yoga can actually be beneficial for individuals with osteoporosis by improving balance, flexibility, and posture. However, certain high-impact or extreme bending poses should be avoided.

C. Continue jogging 1 to 2 miles per day: High-impact activities such as jogging can increase the risk of fractures in individuals with osteoporosis. Lower-impact exercises like walking or strength training are safer alternatives.

D. Walk at least 60 min every day: While walking is a good low-impact exercise, excessive walking without resistance or strength training may not provide sufficient bone-strengthening benefits. A structured weight-bearing exercise program is more effective.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Decorticate posturing: This is a late sign of increased intracranial pressure, indicating severe brain dysfunction and potential herniation. Early signs of increased ICP typically involve subtle neurological changes such as restlessness, confusion, or irritability before progressing to abnormal posturing.

B. Restlessness: An early sign of increased ICP, restlessness occurs due to decreased cerebral perfusion and oxygenation, leading to subtle changes in mental status. Clients may also exhibit irritability, confusion, or difficulty following commands before more severe symptoms develop.

C. Papilledema: Swelling of the optic disc, or papilledema, is a later sign of increased ICP and occurs due to prolonged pressure on the optic nerve. It is typically detected on an ophthalmic exam rather than presenting as an early symptom.

D. Projectile vomiting: Vomiting without nausea is a later sign of increased ICP, often associated with brainstem involvement. Early manifestations tend to involve altered mental status before progressing to severe symptoms such as vomiting or posturing.

A. Position the client with the head of the bed elevated to a 15° angle. B. Check the client for jugular venous flattening. C. Administer an anticoagulant medication to the client. D. Assess the client for a paradoxical blood pressure.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Position the client with the head of the bed elevated to a 15° angle: Clients with pericarditis typically experience relief when sitting up and leaning forward, as this reduces pressure on the inflamed pericardium. A 15° elevation is too low to provide significant relief.

B. Check the client for jugular venous flattening: Pericarditis, especially when complicated by cardiac tamponade, leads to jugular venous distension rather than flattening due to impaired venous return to the heart.

C. Administer an anticoagulant medication to the client: Anticoagulants are not routinely used in pericarditis because they may increase the risk of hemorrhagic pericardial effusion, particularly if pericarditis is due to an inflammatory or infectious cause.

D. Assess the client for a paradoxical blood pressure: Pulsus paradoxus, a significant drop in systolic blood pressure during inspiration, is a key sign of cardiac tamponade, a life-threatening complication of pericarditis. Monitoring for this helps in early detection and management.

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A nurse is teaching a client who has osteoporosis about ways to reduce stress on the skeletal system. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP). The nurse should expect which of the following as an early manifestation of increased ICP?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has pericarditis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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