A nurse is teaching a client who is at 15 weeks of gestation and is to undergo an amniocentesis. The nurse should explain that the purpose of this test is to identify which of the following conditions? (Select all that apply.)
Rh incompatibility
Fetal gender
Cephalopelvic disproportion
Anomalies in fetal chromosomes
Neural tube defects
Correct Answer : B,D,E
Explanation:
A. Rh incompatibility
Amniocentesis is not used to identify Rh incompatibility. Rh incompatibility occurs when the mother is Rh-negative, and the baby is Rh-positive, leading to potential complications if the mother develops antibodies against the baby's Rh-positive blood cells. However, this condition is typically managed through other means such as Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) administration.
B. Fetal gender
Amniocentesis can determine the fetal gender by analyzing the chromosomes present in the fetal cells obtained from the amniotic fluid. The presence of a Y chromosome indicates a male fetus, while its absence indicates a female fetus. Therefore, fetal gender can be identified through amniocentesis.
C. Cephalopelvic disproportion
Cephalopelvic disproportion refers to a situation where the baby's head is too large to pass through the mother's pelvis during childbirth. This condition is typically diagnosed during labor based on the progress of labor and fetal descent. Amniocentesis is not used to identify cephalopelvic disproportion.
D. Anomalies in fetal chromosomes
Amniocentesis is primarily used to identify anomalies in fetal chromosomes, such as chromosomal abnormalities like Down syndrome (Trisomy 21), Trisomy 18, and Trisomy 13. It can also detect other chromosomal abnormalities and genetic disorders caused by changes in the number or structure of chromosomes.
E. Neural tube defects
Amniocentesis can detect neural tube defects, such as spina bifida and anencephaly, by analyzing levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and other markers in the amniotic fluid. Elevated levels of AFP may indicate a neural tube defect.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]
Explanation
Explanation:
A. Striae gravidarum: Also known as stretch marks, striae gravidarum are common during pregnancy due to the stretching and thinning of the skin as the uterus expands. They often appear as pink or purple streaks on the abdomen, breasts, hips, and thighs.
B. Chloasma: Chloasma, also called the "mask of pregnancy," refers to hyperpigmented areas on the face, typically appearing as brown patches on the cheeks, forehead, and upper lip. It is caused by hormonal changes during pregnancy and increased melanin production.
C. Linea nigra: Linea nigra is a dark line that develops vertically along the midline of the abdomen during pregnancy. It is caused by hormonal changes and increased pigmentation, and it typically fades after childbirth.
D. Eczema: Eczema, a skin condition characterized by red, itchy, and inflamed patches, may or may not be directly related to pregnancy. Some women may experience flare-ups of eczema during pregnancy due to hormonal changes or other factors, but it is not specific to the second trimester.
E. Psoriasis: Psoriasis, another skin condition characterized by red, scaly patches, may also flare up during pregnancy for some individuals. However, like eczema, it is not specific to the second trimester and can occur at any time.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Explanation:
A. Insert a gloved hand into the vagina to relieve pressure on the cord: This is the correct action because a prolapsed umbilical cord can become compressed, leading to decreased blood flow to the fetus. By inserting a gloved hand into the vagina and lifting the presenting part off the cord, the nurse can relieve pressure and improve blood flow to the fetus until further interventions can be initiated.
B. Cover the cord with a sterile, moist saline dressing: While covering the cord with a sterile, moist saline dressing can help prevent drying and protect the cord, it is not the first action to take in the case of a prolapsed cord. The priority is to relieve pressure on the cord to ensure adequate blood flow to the fetus.
C. Place the client in knee-chest position: Placing the client in a knee-chest position can also help relieve pressure on the cord by using gravity to shift the presenting part away from the cord. However, this should be done after inserting a gloved hand into the vagina to relieve immediate pressure on the cord.
D. Prepare the client for an immediate birth: While preparing the client for an immediate birth may be necessary if the situation cannot be resolved quickly, the first step is to relieve pressure on the cord to prevent fetal compromise.
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