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A nurse is teaching a client who is at 15 weeks of gestation and is to undergo an amniocentesis. The nurse should explain that the purpose of this test is to identify which of the following conditions? (Select all that apply.)

Rh incompatibility

Fetal gender

Cephalopelvic disproportion

Anomalies in fetal chromosomes

Neural tube defects

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,D,E

Explanation:

A. Rh incompatibility

Amniocentesis is not used to identify Rh incompatibility. Rh incompatibility occurs when the mother is Rh-negative, and the baby is Rh-positive, leading to potential complications if the mother develops antibodies against the baby's Rh-positive blood cells. However, this condition is typically managed through other means such as Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) administration.

B. Fetal gender

Amniocentesis can determine the fetal gender by analyzing the chromosomes present in the fetal cells obtained from the amniotic fluid. The presence of a Y chromosome indicates a male fetus, while its absence indicates a female fetus. Therefore, fetal gender can be identified through amniocentesis.

C. Cephalopelvic disproportion

Cephalopelvic disproportion refers to a situation where the baby's head is too large to pass through the mother's pelvis during childbirth. This condition is typically diagnosed during labor based on the progress of labor and fetal descent. Amniocentesis is not used to identify cephalopelvic disproportion.

D. Anomalies in fetal chromosomes

Amniocentesis is primarily used to identify anomalies in fetal chromosomes, such as chromosomal abnormalities like Down syndrome (Trisomy 21), Trisomy 18, and Trisomy 13. It can also detect other chromosomal abnormalities and genetic disorders caused by changes in the number or structure of chromosomes.

E. Neural tube defects

Amniocentesis can detect neural tube defects, such as spina bifida and anencephaly, by analyzing levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and other markers in the amniotic fluid. Elevated levels of AFP may indicate a neural tube defect.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Explanation:

A. Congenital heart defects:

Smoking during pregnancy has been linked to an increased risk of congenital heart defects in newborns. Maternal smoking can affect the development of the baby's heart, leading to structural abnormalities in the heart's formation. These defects can range from mild to severe and may require medical intervention after birth.

B. Hearing loss:

Although there is some evidence suggesting a possible association between maternal smoking and hearing problems in children, the link is not as well-established as other complications such as intrauterine growth restriction or congenital heart defects. More research is needed to confirm the direct impact of maternal smoking on hearing loss in newborns.

C. Type 1 diabetes mellitus:

Maternal smoking during pregnancy is not directly linked to an increased risk of Type 1 diabetes mellitus in newborns. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition that is not typically influenced by maternal smoking during pregnancy.

D. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR):

This is the correct choice. Smoking during pregnancy is a well-known risk factor for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). It can lead to inadequate fetal growth and lower birth weight than expected for gestational age due to restricted oxygen and nutrient supply to the fetus. Babies born with IUGR may experience various health issues and developmental challenges.

A. "I know I am at increased risk to develop type 2 diabetes." B. "I will reduce my exercise schedule to 3 days a week." C. "I will take my glyburide daily with breakfast." D. "I should limit my carbohydrates to 50% of caloric intake."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Explanation:

A. "I know I am at increased risk to develop type 2 diabetes."

This statement indicates an understanding of the increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes after experiencing gestational diabetes. It shows awareness of the long-term implications and the importance of ongoing monitoring and lifestyle management.

B. "I will reduce my exercise schedule to 3 days a week."

This statement is concerning because regular exercise is an essential component of managing gestational diabetes. Exercise helps control blood sugar levels, improves insulin sensitivity, and promotes overall health during pregnancy. The client should not reduce their exercise schedule unless advised by their healthcare provider for specific reasons.

C. "I will take my glyburide daily with breakfast."

Glyburide is an oral medication used to help control blood sugar levels in some cases of gestational diabetes. Taking it with breakfast can help optimize its effectiveness. This statement indicates an understanding of medication management.

D. "I should limit my carbohydrates to 50% of caloric intake."

Limiting carbohydrates is often a key part of managing gestational diabetes, as it can help control blood sugar levels. However, the specific percentage of carbohydrate intake may vary based on individual factors and should be determined in consultation with a healthcare provider or registered dietitian.

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A nurse is teaching a client who is at 15 weeks of gestation and is to undergo an amniocentesis. The nurse should explain that the purpose of this test is to identify which of the following conditions? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is completing a health history for a client who is at 6 weeks of gestation. The client informs the nurse that she smokes one pack of cigarettes per day. The nurse should advise the client that smoking places the client's newborn at risk for which of the following complications?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse in a prenatal clinic is teaching a client who is in her second trimester and has a new diagnosis of gestational diabetes. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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