A nurse is teaching a client who is at 23 weeks of gestation about immunizations. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
You can receive an influenza vaccination during pregnancy.
You cannot receive the Tdap vaccine until after you deliver.
You should receive a varicella vaccine before you deliver.
You should not receive the rubella vaccine while breastfeeding.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: You can receive an influenza vaccination during pregnancy, as it is safe and recommended for pregnant women. The flu vaccine can protect you and your baby from serious complications of influenza, such as pneumonia, preterm labor, and low birth weight. The flu vaccine can also provide some immunity to your baby for the first few months of life. ¹
Choice B reason: You can receive the Tdap vaccine during pregnancy, as it is safe and recommended for pregnant women. The Tdap vaccine can protect you and your baby from tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough). Pertussis can be very dangerous for newborns, as it can cause severe coughing, breathing problems, and even death. The Tdap vaccine can also provide some immunity to your baby for the first few months of life.
Choice C reason: You should not receive a varicella vaccine before you deliver, as it is not recommended for pregnant women. The varicella vaccine can protect you and your baby from chickenpox, which can cause serious complications such as skin infections, pneumonia, and birth defects. However, the varicella vaccine is a live vaccine, which means it contains a weakened form of the virus that can cause infection in some people. Therefore, it is not safe for pregnant women or their babies.
Choice D reason: You should not receive the rubella vaccine while breastfeeding, as it is not recommended for breastfeeding women. The rubella vaccine can protect you and your baby from rubella, which can cause serious complications such as miscarriage, stillbirth, and birth defects. However, the rubella vaccine is a live vaccine, which means it contains a weakened form of the virus that can cause infection in some people. Therefore, it is not safe for breastfeeding women or their babies.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: According to the CDC, nearly half (46%) of all new STDs occur among people between the ages of 15-24¹. This age group also has the highest rates of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis infections compared to other age groups. Some factors that contribute to this high burden of STDs among young people are biological, behavioral, and social.
Choice B reason: This is incorrect. The age group of 51-60 years old has lower rates of STD infection than the age group of 15-24 years old. According to the CDC, the reported rates of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis among 51-60 year olds in 2020 were 59.8, 54.7, and 12.4 per 100,000 population, respectively. These rates are much lower than the rates among 15-24 year olds, which were 1,583.3, 1,021.9, and 45.5 per 100,000 population, respectively.
Choice C reason: This is incorrect. The age group of 25-35 years old has lower rates of STD infection than the age group of 15-24 years old. According to the CDC, the reported rates of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis among 25-35 year olds in 2020 were 1,017.9, 1,015.6, and 66.9 per 100,000 population, respectively. These rates are lower than the rates among 15-24 year olds, which were 1,583.3, 1,021.9, and 45.5 per 100,000 population, respectively.
Choice D reason: This is incorrect. The age group of 36-50 years old has lower rates of STD infection than the age group of 15-24 years old. According to the CDC, the reported rates of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis among 36-50 year olds in 2020 were 316.6, 337.9, and 27.9 per 100,000 population, respectively. These rates are lower than the rates among 15-24 year olds, which were 1,583.3, 1,021.9, and 45.5 per 100,000 population, respectively.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Poor maternal weight gain is a risk factor for IUGR, as it indicates inadequate nutrition and fetal growth.
Choice B reason: Premature rupture of membranes is not a risk factor for IUGR, as it does not affect the placental function or blood flow. It is a complication of pregnancy that can lead to infection, preterm labor, or cord prolapse.
Choice C reason: Smoking is a risk factor for IUGR, as it reduces the oxygen and nutrient delivery to the fetus and causes vasoconstriction of the placental vessels.
Choice D reason: Gestational hypertension is a risk factor for IUGR, as it impairs the placental perfusion and causes fetal hypoxia and acidosis.
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