A nurse is teaching a group of clients about stress. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?
Acute stress causes an increase in metabolism.
Stress causes a positive nitrogen balance in the body.
Protein requirements decrease in times of stress.
Glucose is broken down more slowly during times of stress.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Acute stress causes an increase in metabolism, as the body activates the sympathetic nervous system and releases hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones increase the heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen consumption, and mobilize glucose and fatty acids for energy. The nurse should explain to the clients that acute stress can have beneficial effects, such as enhancing alertness, memory, and performance, but it can also have harmful effects, such as impairing digestion, immunity, and growth.
Choice B reason: Stress causes a negative nitrogen balance in the body, not a positive one. Nitrogen balance is the difference between the amount of nitrogen ingested and the amount of nitrogen excreted. A positive nitrogen balance means that the body is retaining more nitrogen than it is losing, which indicates growth, healing, or pregnancy. A negative nitrogen balance means that the body is losing more nitrogen than it is retaining, which indicates malnutrition, illness, or injury. The nurse should inform the clients that stress can cause a negative nitrogen balance, as the body breaks down protein for energy and loses nitrogen through urine, sweat, and wounds.
Choice C reason: Protein requirements increase in times of stress, not decrease. Protein is essential for tissue repair, immune function, and hormone synthesis. The nurse should advise the clients that stress can increase the protein needs of the body, as the body loses protein through catabolism, inflammation, and infection. The nurse should recommend the clients to consume adequate amounts of high-quality protein, such as eggs, milk, cheese, meat, fish, poultry, soy, and nuts.
Choice D reason: Glucose is broken down more quickly during times of stress, not more slowly. Glucose is the main source of energy for the brain and the muscles. The nurse should educate the clients that stress can increase the glucose levels in the blood, as the body releases glucose from the liver and muscles to provide fuel for the stress response. The nurse should also warn the clients that chronic stress can lead to insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Peas are not a good choice for a mechanical soft diet, as they are small and round and can pose a choking hazard. Peas also require some chewing to break them down, which may be difficult for the client.
Choice B reason: Dried apricots are not a good choice for a mechanical soft diet, as they are hard and sticky and can damage the teeth or dentures. Dried apricots also require a lot of chewing to swallow them, which may be painful or tiring for the client.
Choice C reason: Canned pears are a good choice for a mechanical soft diet, as they are soft and moist and can be easily mashed with a fork. Canned pears do not require much chewing and can be swallowed smoothly.
Choice D reason: Cashews are not a good choice for a mechanical soft diet, as they are hard and crunchy and can injure the gums or oral mucosa. Cashews also require a lot of chewing and can get stuck in the teeth or dentures.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Anticholinesterase medications should be taken 30 minutes before meals, not with meals. This is because they enhance the action of acetylcholine, which improves muscle strength and swallowing ability.
Choice B reason: Positioning the head of the client's bed to 40° while eating helps prevent aspiration and facilitates swallowing. This is the best action for the nurse to take for a client who has myasthenia gravis.
Choice C reason: Encouraging the client to lie down after eating is not advisable, as it increases the risk of aspiration and reflux. The client should remain upright for at least 30 minutes after eating.
Choice D reason: Providing the client with food cut into small bites is not enough to ensure safe and adequate nutrition. The client may still have difficulty swallowing and chewing. The nurse should also offer soft, moist, and easy-to-swallow foods, and avoid foods that are dry, sticky, or hard.
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