A nurse is teaching a group of middle adult clients about osteoporosis. Which of the following risk factors should the nurse include?

Prolonged sun exposure.

Reduced intake of vitamin E.

Drinking one glass of wine per day.

Exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D

Choice A rationale:

Prolonged sun exposure is a risk factor for osteoporosis because it can lead to vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption, and low levels of vitamin D can contribute to reduced bone density and increased risk of fractures.

Choice B rationale:

Reduced intake of vitamin E is not a well-established risk factor for osteoporosis. Vitamin E is an antioxidant and plays a role in various bodily processes, but its association with osteoporosis is not supported by strong evidence.

Choice C rationale:

Drinking one glass of wine per day is not a risk factor for osteoporosis. In fact, moderate alcohol consumption has been suggested to have a protective effect on bone density in some studies.

Choice D rationale:

Exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke is a risk factor for osteoporosis. Smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke have been linked to decreased bone density and increased risk of fractures, making this an important point to include in the teaching.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Covering bedside water pitchers after being filled helps reduce the risk of contamination and infection by preventing the entry of airborne pathogens or debris.

Choice B rationale:

Allowing dressings that get wet in the shower to dry out is not an effective infection control strategy. Wet dressings can become a breeding ground for bacteria, and it is important to change wet dressings promptly to minimize the risk of infection.

Choice C rationale:

Used needles should be immediately disposed of in sharps containers, not placed at the nurses' station. Placing used needles in the sharps container promptly helps prevent accidental needlestick injuries and potential transmission of infections.

Choice D rationale:

Drainage bottles should be emptied regularly to prevent overfilling, but they should not be allowed to become full. Regular emptying ensures proper functioning and reduces the risk of spillage or contamination in the client care area.

A. Papilledema. B. Halo sign. C. Racoon's eyes. D. Elevated WBCs.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale:
Papilledema refers to swelling of the optic disc in the eye, which can occur due to increased intracranial pressure. While it may be present in cases of basilar skull fracture, it is not a reliable finding for determining the discharge of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Choice B rationale:
The halo sign is a reliable finding for determining that the nasal discharge is cerebrospinal fluid. The halo sign is characterized by a ring of blood surrounded by a clear or yellowish fluid (CSF) on a dressing or tissue. This occurs because blood from the fracture mixes with the clear CSF, creating a distinct appearance.
Choice C rationale:
Racoon's eyes, also known as periorbital ecchymosis, is a term used to describe bruising around the eyes. While it can be seen in basilar skull fractures, it is not specific to cerebrospinal fluid leakage and, therefore, not reliable for identifying the nasal discharge as CSF.
Choice D rationale:
Elevated white blood cells (WBCs) in the nasal discharge can indicate infection, inflammation, or an immune response. However, it does not provide direct evidence that the discharge is cerebrospinal fluid, so this is not a reliable finding for determining the nature of the nasal discharge in this context.

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A nurse is teaching a group of middle adult clients about osteoporosis. Which of the following risk factors should the nurse include?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse educator is teaching a newly licensed nurse about strategies to reduce the risk of infection in the client care area. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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